Clerkin Elise M, Teachman Bethany A
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009 Aug;197(8):589-98. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181b05d7f.
The current study tests cognitive-behavioral models of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) by examining the relationship between cognitive biases and correlates of mirror gazing. To provide a more comprehensive picture, we investigated both relatively strategic (i.e., available for conscious introspection) and automatic (i.e., outside conscious control) measures of cognitive biases in a sample with either high (n = 32) or low (n = 31) BDD symptoms. Specifically, we examined the extent that (1) explicit interpretations tied to appearance, as well as (2) automatic associations and (3) strategic evaluations of the importance of attractiveness predict anxiety and avoidance associated with mirror gazing. Results indicated that interpretations tied to appearance uniquely predicted self-reported desire to avoid, whereas strategic evaluations of appearance uniquely predicted peak anxiety associated with mirror gazing, and automatic appearance associations uniquely predicted behavioral avoidance. These results offer considerable support for cognitive models of BDD, and suggest a dissociation between automatic and strategic measures.
本研究通过检验认知偏差与照镜子相关因素之间的关系，对身体变形障碍（BDD）的认知行为模型进行了测试。为了提供更全面的情况，我们在具有高（n = 32）或低（n = 31）BDD症状的样本中，调查了认知偏差的相对策略性（即可供有意识内省）和自动性（即超出意识控制）测量方法。具体而言，我们考察了以下方面的程度：（1）与外貌相关的明确解释，以及（2）自动联想和（3）对吸引力重要性的策略性评估预测与照镜子相关的焦虑和回避。结果表明，与外貌相关的解释独特地预测了自我报告的回避欲望，而对外貌的策略性评估独特地预测了与照镜子相关的峰值焦虑，并且外貌自动联想独特地预测了行为回避。这些结果为BDD的认知模型提供了相当大的支持，并表明自动测量和策略性测量之间存在分离。
