Joiner Thomas E, Van Orden Kimberly A, Witte Tracy K, Selby Edward A, Ribeiro Jessica D, Lewis Robyn, Rudd M David
Department of Psychology, Florida State University.
Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2009 Aug;118(3):634-646. doi: 10.1037/a0016500.
The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior (T. E. Joiner, 2005) makes 2 overarching predictions: (a) that perceptions of burdening others and of social alienation combine to instill the desire for death and (b) that individuals will not act on the desire for death unless they have developed the capability to do so. This capability develops through exposure and thus habituation to painful and/or fearsome experiences and is posited by the theory to be necessary for overcoming powerful self-preservation pressures. Two studies tested these predictions. In Study 1, the interaction of (low) family social support (cf. social alienation or low belonging) and feeling that one does not matter (cf. perceived burdensomeness) predicted current suicidal ideation, beyond depression indices. In Study 2, the 3-way interaction among a measure of low belonging, a measure of perceived burdensomeness, and lifetime number of suicide attempts (viewed as a strong predictor of the level of acquired capability for suicide) predicted current suicide attempt (vs. ideation) among a clinical sample of suicidal young adults, again beyond depression indices and other key covariates. Implications for the understanding, treatment, and prevention of suicidal behavior are discussed.
自杀行为的人际心理理论（T.E. 乔伊纳，2005年）做出了两个总体预测：（a）认为给他人带来负担和社会疏离感会共同引发死亡欲望；（b）除非个体具备实施自杀行为的能力，否则他们不会按照死亡欲望行事。这种能力通过接触并因此习惯痛苦和/或可怕的经历而发展起来，该理论认为这是克服强大的自我保护压力所必需的。两项研究对这些预测进行了检验。在研究1中，（低）家庭社会支持（与社会疏离感或归属感低相对）与感觉自己无关紧要（与感知到的负担感相对）之间的相互作用，在超出抑郁指标的情况下，预测了当前的自杀意念。在研究2中，归属感低的测量指标、感知到的负担感的测量指标以及终身自杀未遂次数（被视为自杀习得能力水平的有力预测指标）之间的三因素相互作用，在超出抑郁指标和其他关键协变量的情况下，预测了自杀青年临床样本中的当前自杀未遂（与意念相对）情况。文中还讨论了这些研究结果对理解、治疗和预防自杀行为的启示。
