Bridger Emma K, Herron Jane E, Elward Rachael L, Wilding Edward L
Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Sep;35(5):1175-86. doi: 10.1037/a0016375.
Processes engaged when information is encoded into memory are an important determinant of whether that information will be recovered subsequently. Also influential, however, are processes engaged at the time of retrieval, and these were investigated here by using event-related potentials (ERPs) to measure a specific class of retrieval operations. These operations were revealed by contrasts between ERPs elicited by new (unstudied) test items in distinct tasks, the assumption being that these contrasts index operations that are engaged in service of retrieval and that vary according to the demands of different retrieval tasks. Specific functional accounts of this class of retrieval processing operations assume that they influence the accuracy of memory judgments, and this experiment was designed to test for the first time whether this is in fact the case. Toward this end, participants completed 2 retrieval tasks while ERPs were acquired, and the extent to which processes were engaged differentially across tasks in service of retrieval was operationalized as the magnitude of the differences between the new-item ERPs that were elicited. This measure correlated positively with response accuracy on the tasks, which provides strong evidence that this class of retrieval processing operations benefits the accuracy of memory judgments.
信息编码进入记忆时所涉及的过程是该信息随后能否被提取的一个重要决定因素。然而，在提取时所涉及的过程也具有影响力，本文通过使用事件相关电位（ERP）来测量一类特定的提取操作对其进行了研究。这些操作通过不同任务中新的（未学习过的）测试项目所引发的ERP之间的对比得以揭示，假设这些对比指标操作是为提取服务的，并且会根据不同提取任务的要求而变化。这类提取处理操作的具体功能解释假定它们会影响记忆判断的准确性，本实验首次旨在测试实际情况是否如此。为此，参与者在记录ERP的同时完成两项提取任务，并且将为提取服务的过程在不同任务中差异参与的程度作为所引发的新项目ERP之间差异大小来操作化。这一指标与任务中的反应准确性呈正相关，这为这类提取处理操作有利于记忆判断的准确性提供了有力证据。
