O'Callaghan Frances V, Al Mamun Abdullah, O'Callaghan Michael, Alati Rosa, Najman Jake M, Williams Gail M, Bor William
School of Psychology, Griffith University, Queensland.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2009 Aug;33(4):371-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2009.00410.x.
To investigate whether maternal smoking during pregnancy predicts offspring nicotine disorder (dependence or withdrawal) at 21 years.
Participants comprised a prospective birth cohort involving 7,223 singleton children whose mothers were enrolled between 1981 and 1983 at the first antenatal visit to the Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland. The present sub-cohort consisted of 2,571 youth who completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-computerised version (CIDI-Auto) that assesses nicotine dependence and withdrawal according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria at the 21-year follow-up.
12.8% of offspring met criteria for nicotine dependence and 8.5% met criteria for withdrawal. 16.6% met criteria for either dependence or withdrawal. Smoking during pregnancy resulted in offspring being more likely to have dependence or withdrawal at 21 years than offspring of mothers who never smoked (age adjusted odds ratio 1.53 (95% CI: 1.19-1.96).
Findings emphasise the long-term adverse effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy, including nicotine dependence in young adult offspring.
Public health approaches should strengthen arguments for mothers to cease smoking during pregnancy in view of the long-term health implications for offspring, and reinforce measures to help smokers among pregnant women and women of childbearing age to stop.
探讨孕期母亲吸烟是否可预测子女在21岁时出现尼古丁紊乱（依赖或戒断）。
参与者为一个前瞻性出生队列，包括7223名单胎儿童，其母亲于1981年至1983年在昆士兰州布里斯班市玛特母婴医院首次产前检查时登记入组。本次亚队列由2571名青年组成，他们在21年随访时完成了综合国际诊断访谈计算机版（CIDI-Auto），该版本根据DSM-IV诊断标准评估尼古丁依赖和戒断情况。
12.8%的子女符合尼古丁依赖标准，8.5%符合戒断标准。16.6%符合依赖或戒断标准。孕期吸烟的母亲所生子女在21岁时比从不吸烟母亲的子女更易出现依赖或戒断（年龄调整优势比1.53（95%CI：1.19 - 1.96））。
研究结果强调了孕期母亲吸烟的长期不良影响，包括年轻成年子女的尼古丁依赖。
鉴于对后代的长期健康影响，公共卫生措施应加强说服母亲在孕期戒烟的力度，并强化帮助孕妇和育龄妇女吸烟者戒烟的措施。
