Okamoto Reiko, Shiomi Misa, Iwamoto Saori, Hatono Yoko, Chiba Yumi, Ojima Toshiyuki, Bessyo Yuko, Nakayama Kimiko, Inoue Kiyomi
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2008 Jun;5(1):51-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7924.2008.00101.x.
To examine the actual competencies of public health nurses (PHNs) working in public organizations in Japan in order to clarify the relationship between the level of competency and the number of years of experience and the place of work.
The subjects were 1799 full-time PHNs working at 135 prefectural public health centers and 115 municipal health centers, which were randomly selected. Each subject received a questionnaire in the mail, requesting basic personal information and a self-evaluation of six levels of achievement in 11 topics in five categories of competencies.
The number of respondents was 1261 (70.1%), with a total of 1184 valid responses (65.8%). In terms of the level of competency, the average score was >3 for all items and the number of PHNs who achieved Ladders 5 and 6 was low, with very few achieving Ladder 6, despite having more years of experience. Furthermore, the level of achievement depended on the workplace, position, and academic background.
The tasks regarding the education of PHNs in Japan are to establish achievement goals clearly and incrementally and to develop methods and systems that consistently and systematically increase competencies, not only in basic undergraduate education, but also for employed PHNs, through specialized education. In particular, educational methods that lead to high-quality experiences need to be selected in order to develop competencies.
调查在日本公共机构工作的公共卫生护士（PHN）的实际能力，以阐明能力水平与工作年限及工作地点之间的关系。
研究对象为从135个县级公共卫生中心和115个市级卫生中心随机抽取的1799名全职公共卫生护士。每位研究对象通过邮件收到一份问卷，问卷要求提供基本个人信息，并对五类能力中11个主题的六个成就水平进行自我评估。
受访者有1261人（70.1%），共获得有效回复1184份（65.8%）。在能力水平方面，所有项目的平均得分均大于3，达到第5级和第6级的公共卫生护士人数较少，尽管工作年限更长，但达到第6级的人数极少。此外，成就水平取决于工作场所、职位和学术背景。
日本公共卫生护士教育的任务是明确且逐步地确立成就目标，并开发方法和体系，不仅在本科基础教育中，而且对于在职公共卫生护士，通过专业教育持续且系统地提高其能力。特别是，为了培养能力，需要选择能带来高质量体验的教育方法。
