Rhodes Matthew G, McCabe David P
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2009 Dec;62(12):2313-9. doi: 10.1080/17470210903128536. Epub 2009 Aug 17.
Experts often appear to perceive time differently from novices. The current study thus examined perceptions of time as a function of domain expertise. Specifically, individuals with high or low levels of knowledge of American football made judgements of duration for briefly presented words that were unrelated to football (e.g., rooster), football specific (e.g., touchdown), or ambiguous (e.g., huddle). Results showed that high-knowledge individuals judged football-specific words as having been presented for a longer duration than unrelated or ambiguous words. In contrast, low-knowledge participants exhibited no systematic differences in judgements of duration based on the type of word presented. These findings are discussed within a fluency attribution framework, which suggests that experts' fluent perception of domain-relevant stimuli leads to the subjective impression that time slows down in one's domain of expertise.
专家们对时间的感知似乎常常与新手不同。因此，当前的研究考察了作为领域专业知识函数的时间感知。具体而言，对美式足球了解程度高或低的个体对短暂呈现的与足球无关的单词（如公鸡）、特定于足球的单词（如达阵）或模棱两可的单词（如围聚）的持续时间进行了判断。结果表明，知识丰富的个体判断特定于足球的单词呈现的持续时间比无关或模棱两可的单词更长。相比之下，知识匮乏的参与者在基于所呈现单词类型的持续时间判断上没有表现出系统差异。这些发现是在流畅性归因框架内进行讨论的，该框架表明专家对领域相关刺激的流畅感知会导致一种主观印象，即在个人的专业领域中时间会变慢。
