Reed Ann M, Ernste Floranne
Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2009 Aug;11(4):295-301. doi: 10.1007/s11926-009-0041-1.
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are systemic autoimmune diseases that have predominant mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates in the skeletal muscle. The cells that are typically involved in the pathogenesis of disease are B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. However, in addition to these immune cells, cells of nonimmunologic origin, such as myocytes, may be directly involved in the immune response. The local milieu also consists of distinct cytokine and chemokine profiles considered related to type 1 interferon stimulation. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 are also prominent, proinflammatory cytokines involved in the evolution of IIM. Although the pathologic processes involved in IIM have yet to be fully elucidated, we understand the inflammatory milieu is a model of dynamic flux made of diverse cytokine and chemokine expressions leading to alterations in muscle fiber structure and function.
特发性炎性肌病（IIM）是一类系统性自身免疫性疾病，其骨骼肌中有以单核炎性细胞浸润为主的表现。通常参与疾病发病机制的细胞有B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞和自然杀伤细胞。然而，除了这些免疫细胞外，非免疫源性细胞，如肌细胞，可能也直接参与免疫反应。局部环境还包括与1型干扰素刺激相关的独特细胞因子和趋化因子谱。肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素1也是参与IIM演变的突出促炎细胞因子。尽管IIM所涉及的病理过程尚未完全阐明，但我们知道炎症环境是一个由多种细胞因子和趋化因子表达构成的动态变化模型，这些表达会导致肌纤维结构和功能的改变。
