Centre for Water Research, Division of Environmental Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Water Res. 2009 Oct;43(18):4769-77. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.006. Epub 2009 Aug 8.
Reverse osmosis (RO) reject recovery from the water reclamation process was demonstrated feasible using an integrated pretreatment scheme followed by the Capacitive Deionization (CDI) process. The RO reject had an average total dissolved solids (TDS) of 1276+/-166 mg/L. Water recovery of 85% with water quality comparable with the RO feed was achieved. Pretreatments using biological activated carbon (BAC) and BAC-ultrafiltration (UF) attained total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies of 23.5+/-6.0% and 39.9+/-9.0%, respectively. Organics removal of RO reject was attributed to simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation in the BAC pretreatment, while further biodegradation in the submerged UF membrane tank provided additional organics removal. Membrane and CDI fouling was reduced by pH adjustment of the pretreated RO reject to approximately 6.5, which prolonged the CDI operation time by at least two times. The CDI process was able to achieve more than 88 and 87% TDS and ion removals, respectively, while PO(4)(3-) and TOC removals were at 52-81% and 50-63%, respectively.
反渗透 (RO) 浓水经集成预处理方案和电容去离子 (CDI) 工艺处理后，可实现浓水回收。RO 浓水的平均总溶解固体 (TDS) 为 1276+/-166mg/L。实现了 85%的水回收率，且产水水质可与 RO 进水相媲美。采用生物活性炭 (BAC) 和 BAC-超滤 (UF) 的预处理，TOC 的去除率分别达到 23.5+/-6.0%和 39.9+/-9.0%。RO 浓水中有机物的去除归因于 BAC 预处理中的吸附和生物降解同时进行，而浸没式 UF 膜罐中的进一步生物降解则提供了额外的有机物去除。通过将预处理后的 RO 浓水的 pH 值调节至约 6.5，可减少膜和 CDI 的污染，从而使 CDI 的运行时间延长至少两倍。CDI 工艺可分别实现超过 88%和 87%的 TDS 和离子去除率，而 PO(4)(3-)和 TOC 的去除率分别为 52-81%和 50-63%。
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