Koneczny Sonja
Experimental-OR, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Patient Safety and Simulation, Tuebingen, Germany.
Work. 2009;33(2):145-64. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2009-0861.
Ergonomics is still not fully implemented in the design of operation rooms (ORs). The OR staff has to deal with various ergonomic deficiencies which may be associated with potential hazards for the patient and/or the OR team.Three surveys were conducted among German OR staff at major conferences. Two of them dealt with the working conditions in the OR and were conducted among surgeons and OR nurses. The third survey queried OR nurses about the electrical safety in the OR.In addition, a specially developed checklist was used to evaluate the work place OR in five German OR units and the staff of these OR units were queried with questionnaires adapted from the surveys. For this article a few of the deficiencies found in the ORs were chosen to serve as examples for the plethora of results gathered.Findings showed that there was a high potential for ergonomic improvement and therefore an increase in safety and comfort. Many of these deficiencies may be eased by simple means such as the reduction of the number of different devices and mandatory training in the use of the devices since device operation is one of the main causes leading to potential hazards in the OR. Other deficiencies, such as the cable routing in the OR, require more extensive intervention and/or the implementation of new techniques, for example the "wireless" OR. All these deficiencies demonstrate the need for better implementation of ergonomics into the OR and for individual solutions, as there is no such thing as an 'one-size-fits-all' solution for OR units.
人体工程学在手术室的设计中仍未得到充分应用。手术室工作人员不得不应对各种人体工程学方面的缺陷，这些缺陷可能会给患者和/或手术室团队带来潜在危害。在德国主要会议上对手术室工作人员进行了三项调查。其中两项调查涉及手术室的工作条件，调查对象是外科医生和手术室护士。第三项调查询问了手术室护士关于手术室的电气安全问题。此外，还使用了一份专门制定的检查表来评估德国五个手术室的工作场所，并向这些手术室的工作人员发放了根据调查改编的问卷。在本文中，选取了手术室中发现的一些缺陷作为众多调查结果的示例。调查结果表明，人体工程学方面有很大的改进潜力，因此安全性和舒适度有望提高。许多这些缺陷可以通过简单的方法来缓解，比如减少不同设备的数量以及对设备使用进行强制性培训，因为设备操作是导致手术室潜在危害的主要原因之一。其他缺陷，比如手术室中的电缆布线，则需要更广泛的干预和/或新技术的应用，例如“无线”手术室。所有这些缺陷都表明，需要在手术室中更好地应用人体工程学并提供个性化解决方案，因为对于手术室来说不存在“一刀切”的解决方案。
