German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe, Springe, Germany.
Curr Opin Hematol. 2009 Nov;16(6):473-9. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e3283319a06.
The present review elucidates the potentials of recombinant blood group proteins (BGPs) for red blood cell (RBC) antibody detection and identification in pretransfusion testing and the achievements in this field so far.
Many BGPs have been eukaryotically and prokaryotically expressed in sufficient quantity and quality for RBC antibody testing. Recombinant BGPs can be incorporated in soluble protein reagents or solid-phase assays such as ELISA, color-coded microsphere and protein microarray chip-based techniques. Because novel recombinant protein-based assays use single antigens, a positive reaction of a serum with the recombinant protein directly indicates the presence and specificity of the target antibody. Inversely, conventional RBC-based assays use panels of human RBCs carrying a huge number of blood group antigens at the same time and require negative reactions of samples with antigen-negative cells for indirect determination of antibody specificity.
Because of their capacity for single-step, direct RBC antibody determination, recombinant protein-based assays may greatly facilitate and accelerate the identification of common and rare RBC antibodies.
本综述阐明了重组血型蛋白（BGP）在输血前检测中用于红细胞（RBC）抗体检测和鉴定的潜力，以及迄今为止在这一领域的研究进展。
许多 BGP 已经在真核和原核系统中以足够的数量和质量得到表达，可用于 RBC 抗体检测。重组 BGP 可被整合到可溶性蛋白试剂或固相检测方法中，如 ELISA、带色微球和基于蛋白质微阵列芯片的技术。由于新型重组蛋白检测方法使用单一抗原，如果血清与重组蛋白发生阳性反应，则直接表明存在目标抗体及其特异性。相反，传统的基于 RBC 的检测方法同时使用携带大量血型抗原的人类 RBC 进行检测，需要样本与抗原阴性细胞发生阴性反应，以间接确定抗体特异性。
由于其能够一步直接检测 RBC 抗体，基于重组蛋白的检测方法可能极大地促进和加速常见和稀有 RBC 抗体的鉴定。
