Portuguese Institute of Oncology, University of Oporto, Department of Gastroenterology, Santo Antonio's Hospital, Oporto 4200-072, Portugal.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Feb;22(2):151-6. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283307c5c.
In the county of Vila Nova de Gaia (northern Portugal) in the period of 2004-2006, there were an average of 35 new cases of colorectal cancer per 100,000 population, which constitutes one of the highest rates in the world. The latest research has shown that there are many differences between colon and rectal cancers, thereby justifying an independent approach.
The study pertained to the period 1995-2004, by using the census of 1991 and 2001 for calculating specific rates. The 399 diagnosed cases of rectal cancer were drawn from a specialized and active cancer registry, oncological registry of Gaia. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the curves were compared using a Log Rank test. The effect of topography and histological type on survival was obtained by controlling the stage disease, using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.
There was a slight predominance of males, with a ratio between sexes of 1 : 3. The 50% overall survival rate after 5 years increased over time. The localization of the tumour and the histological type, after adjusting by stage, were not significant factors in the prognosis.
Our study shows an increase in the number of cases over time, particularly in elderly women. The cumulative risk of having rectal cancer remains unchanged from 1981 to 2004. Unlike other studies, an increase in early lesions was not observed.
在葡萄牙北部的维亚纳堡加亚县（Vila Nova de Gaia），2004 年至 2006 年期间，每 10 万人中平均有 35 例新发结直肠癌病例，这是世界上发病率最高的地区之一。最新研究表明，结肠癌和直肠癌之间存在许多差异，因此需要采用独立的方法。
该研究的时间跨度为 1995 年至 2004 年，使用 1991 年和 2001 年的人口普查数据计算特定发病率。从专门且活跃的癌症登记处——加亚肿瘤登记处，提取了 399 例确诊的直肠癌病例。使用 Kaplan-Meier 方法计算总生存率，并使用对数秩检验比较曲线。通过控制疾病分期，使用 Cox 比例风险回归模型，获得了肿瘤部位和组织学类型对生存的影响。
男性略占优势，男女比例为 1:3。5 年后总体生存率为 50%，随时间推移呈上升趋势。在调整分期后，肿瘤定位和组织学类型不是预后的显著因素。
我们的研究显示，随着时间的推移，病例数量有所增加，尤其是老年女性。2004 年之前，直肠癌的累积风险与 1981 年相同。与其他研究不同，我们没有观察到早期病变的增加。
