aAmerican Red Cross Biomedical Services, Immunohematology Reference Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19123, USA.
Curr Opin Hematol. 2009 Nov;16(6):503-8. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e3283316bed.
Since the early 1960s, it was recognized that patients with very complex serology may be limited in the availability of rare blood for transfusion. Over the years, there have been publications about the quest to meet those needs. Although the world's literature on how to find, recruit and maintain rare blood donors is not overwhelming, there are quite a few pearls. This review will seek out those pearls published in 2007-2009 and provides some insight from a perspective of having a responsibility for a nation of patients requiring rare blood for over 15 years.
Most pertinent publications have focused on a particular country and the data gathered by a particular regional area or the national rare donor program. It is clear that the definition of 'rare' varies from country to country. A blood type rare in one country may not be considered rare in another. A few of the publications that will be reviewed are specific to donor recruitment or specific details regarding a particular blood type. Recently, with the advent of semi-automated equipment to assist in DNA analysis, there has been a volley of articles on the use of this equipment.Without effective rare donor programs, there is a risk that transfusion needs may not be met. Hemovigilance concentrates on adverse events related to blood transfusions, and the event that happens when rare blood is not available may be that the patient dies without the transfusion they need.
The need for rare blood has been recognized for nearly 50 years, and there are some very effective programs across the world, but not all the areas of the world are equally supplied. The International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party for Rare Donors is a vital link in the worldwide goal of providing rare blood to the patients who need it.
自 20 世纪 60 年代初以来，人们认识到，具有非常复杂血清学的患者可能在可用于输血的稀有血液供应方面受到限制。多年来，一直有关于满足这些需求的出版物。尽管关于如何寻找、招募和维持稀有献血者的世界文献并不多，但也有不少亮点。本次综述将寻找 2007-2009 年发表的这些亮点，并从负责 15 多年来为需要稀有血液的患者提供全国稀有血液的角度提供一些见解。
大多数相关出版物都集中在一个特定的国家，以及该国家特定地区或全国稀有献血者计划收集的数据。很明显，“稀有”的定义因国家而异。在一个国家被认为是稀有的血型，在另一个国家可能不被认为是稀有血型。将进行综述的一些出版物是专门针对献血者招募或特定血型的具体细节。最近，随着半自动设备在协助 DNA 分析方面的出现，有大量关于使用这种设备的文章。如果没有有效的稀有献血者计划，就有可能无法满足输血需求。血液监测集中在与输血相关的不良事件上，当没有可用的稀有血液时，可能会发生患者因没有接受所需的输血而死亡的情况。
对稀有血液的需求已经认识近 50 年，全球有一些非常有效的计划，但并非所有地区都同样得到供应。国际输血协会稀有献血者工作组是向需要的患者提供稀有血液这一全球目标的重要环节。
