Zabłudowska E, Kowalska J, Jedynak L, Wojas S, Skłodowska A, Antosiewicz D M
Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa Str. 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2009 Oct;77(3):301-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.064. Epub 2009 Sep 5.
The main aim of the study was to evaluate the strategies for coping with arsenic toxicity developed by the mine species (Calamagrostis arundinacea, Fragaria vesca, Stachys sylvatica, and Epilobium parviflorum), and to compare results obtained from plants exposed to arsenic present in contaminated soil (2000-3500 mg/kg dw) and in hydroponic solution (2 microM and 12 microM arsenate). Here we report basic differences in plant responses to arsenic depending on growth conditions (hydroponic/soil) with respect to uptake, root-to-shoot translocation, distribution, and detoxification/speciation. Calamagrostis has the highest level of As-tolerance among the tested species. When grown in soil, it accumulated the highest amount of As in roots and shoots relative to other species, however, when exposed to arsenic in hydroponics, it had lower As concentrations. The efficiency of arsenic root-to-shoot translocation was also different, being less effective in soil-grown Calamagrostis compared with hydroponics. Furthermore, in Calamagrostis exposed to arsenate in liquid medium, As(III) was the predominant arsenic form, in contrast to plants grown in As-contaminated soil, in which As(V) predominated. In addition, comparison of the level of phytochelatins showed that only PC2 was detected in plants from hydroponics, whereas in those from soil, additionally PC3 and PC4 were found. The results show that the basic components of a plant's response to arsenic, including uptake, accumulation as well as detoxification, change depending on the experimental conditions (arsenic in liquid medium or contaminated soil).
该研究的主要目的是评估矿生植物物种（大叶章、野草莓、林地水苏和小花柳叶菜）所形成的应对砷毒性的策略，并比较暴露于污染土壤（2000 - 3500毫克/千克干重）和水培溶液（2微摩尔和12微摩尔砷酸盐）中砷的植物所获得的结果。在此，我们报告了植物对砷的反应在吸收、根到地上部分的转运、分布以及解毒/形态方面，根据生长条件（水培/土壤）的基本差异。大叶章在所测试的物种中具有最高水平的耐砷性。当在土壤中生长时，相对于其他物种，它在根和地上部分积累了最高量的砷，然而，当在水培中暴露于砷时，它的砷浓度较低。砷从根到地上部分的转运效率也不同，与水培相比，在土壤中生长的大叶章转运效率较低。此外，在液体培养基中暴露于砷酸盐的大叶章中，As(III)是主要的砷形态，这与在受砷污染土壤中生长的植物相反，在受砷污染土壤中生长的植物中As(V)占主导。另外，植物螯合肽水平的比较表明，在水培植物中仅检测到PC2，而在土壤植物中还发现了PC3和PC4。结果表明，植物对砷反应的基本组成部分，包括吸收、积累以及解毒，会根据实验条件（液体培养基中的砷或受污染土壤中的砷）而发生变化。
