van Teeffelen W M, de Beus M F, Mosterd A, Bots M L, Mosterd W L, Pool J, Doevendans P A, Grobbee D E
Department of Sports Medicine, Canisius Welhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Br J Sports Med. 2009 Sep;43(9):722-5. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.057307.
In spite of the benefits of physical activity, exercise may provoke acute cardiac events in susceptible individuals. Understanding risk factors of exercise-related acute cardiac events may identify opportunities for prevention.
A case-control study was conducted to examine determinants of acute cardiac events in athletes. The cases were athletes who suffered an acute cardiac event during or shortly after vigorous exercise. Athletes who visited a hospital because of a minor sports injury were selected as controls. Information on cardiovascular disease, family history of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular symptoms and other potential risk factors was collected through questionnaires.
57 cases (mean age 41.8 years, range 11-73) and 57 controls (mean age 40.9 years, range 13-68) were included in the study. Athletes with a history of cardiovascular disease were at a markedly increased risk for cardiac events during exercise (OR = 32; 95% CI 7.4 to 143). Smoking (OR 5.9; 95% CI 1.9 to 18), fatigue (OR = 12; 95% CI 1.2 to 118) and flu-like symptoms (OR 13; 95% CI 1.4 to 131) in the month preceding the event were related to acute cardiac events in athletes.
Prior cardiovascular disease, smoking, and a recent episode of fatigue or flu-like symptoms are associated with an increased risk of exercise-related acute cardiac events. Athletes and physicians should pay careful attention when these factors exist or occur.
尽管体育活动有益，但运动可能会在易感个体中引发急性心脏事件。了解与运动相关的急性心脏事件的风险因素可能有助于找到预防机会。
进行了一项病例对照研究，以检查运动员急性心脏事件的决定因素。病例为在剧烈运动期间或之后不久发生急性心脏事件的运动员。因轻度运动损伤而就诊的运动员被选为对照。通过问卷调查收集了有关心血管疾病、心血管疾病家族史、心血管症状和其他潜在风险因素的信息。
该研究纳入了57例病例（平均年龄41.8岁，范围11 - 73岁）和57例对照（平均年龄40.9岁，范围13 - 68岁）。有心血管疾病史的运动员在运动期间发生心脏事件的风险显著增加（比值比[OR]=32；95%置信区间[CI]为7.4至143）。事件发生前一个月的吸烟（OR 5.9；95% CI 1.9至18）、疲劳（OR = 12；95% CI 1.2至118）和类似流感的症状（OR 13；95% CI 1.4至131）与运动员的急性心脏事件有关。
既往心血管疾病、吸烟以及近期出现的疲劳或类似流感的症状与运动相关急性心脏事件的风险增加有关。当存在或出现这些因素时，运动员和医生应予以密切关注。
