Bushell William C
Anthropology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Aug;1172:20-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04538.x.
This chapter briefly reviews recent psychological, physiological, molecular biological, and anthropological research which has important implications, both direct and indirect, for the recognition and understanding of the potential life span and health span enhancing effects of the basic yoga meditational regimen. This regimen consists of meditation, yogic breath control practices, physical exercises (of both a postural- and movement-based, including aerobic nature), and dietary practices. While each of these component categories exhibit variations in different schools, lineages, traditions, and cultures, the focus of this chapter is primarily on basic forms of relaxation meditation and breath control, as well as postural and aerobic physical exercises (e.g., yogic prostration regimens, see below), and a standard form of yogic or ascetic diet, all of which constitute a basic form of regimen found in many if not most cultures, though with variations.
本章简要回顾了近期的心理学、生理学、分子生物学和人类学研究，这些研究对认识和理解基础瑜伽冥想养生法在潜在寿命和健康寿命提升方面的直接和间接影响具有重要意义。这种养生法包括冥想、瑜伽呼吸控制练习、体育锻炼（包括基于姿势和动作的，具有有氧运动性质）以及饮食习惯。虽然这些组成类别在不同流派、传承、传统和文化中存在差异，但本章主要关注放松冥想和呼吸控制的基本形式，以及姿势和有氧体育锻炼（例如瑜伽俯卧养生法，见下文），还有瑜伽或苦行饮食的标准形式，所有这些构成了一种在许多甚至大多数文化中都能找到的基本养生法形式，不过存在差异。
