Prevention of iodinated contrast induced acute kidney injury (ICI--AKI) - what have we learnt so far?

The use of imaging modalities and endovascular procedures has escalated phenomenaly in the last two decades. In view of increasing number of elderly patients, rising incidence of chronic kidney disease and diabetes along with the complication of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis with gadolinium, a large patient population will be at risk of developing iodinated contrast induced acute kidney injury (ICI-AKI) which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and increased health care costs. Hence a search for more effective ways to prevent ICI-AKI continues to be a focus within the medical community.