McPherson Robert M, MacRae Ted C
Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2009 Aug;102(4):1640-8. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0431.
Several transgenic lines of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., expressing a synthetic cry1A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), were examined in replicated field trials in 2003-2007 for suppression of naturally occurring population densities of lepidopteran pests and the resultant crop injury that they caused. Bt soybean and negative controls (isogenic segregants and parental lines) were evaluated against velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner); soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker); and green cloverworm, Hypena scabra (F.). Population densities of these lepidopteran species were essentially absent in each of the Bt soybean entries evaluated throughout the growing season in every year of the study compared with moderate (5-10 larvae per row-m) to large (20-30 larvae per row-m) peak population densities in the negative control soybean entries. These lepidopteran populations caused significant plant injury in the non-Bt soybean plots, ranging from 53% defoliation in 2003 to 17.5% in 2007, compared with < 1.5% defoliation (mostly 0.0% defoliation) in the Bt soybean plots. When two or three foliar insecticides were applied in August or September, as lepidopteran populations approached or exceeded economic threshold levels, pest populations were suppressed and defoliation was minimal in the treated non-Bt entries similar to results in Bt soybean. Soybean 100-seed weights and harvested yields were similar between the Bt and non-Bt entries each year of this study. It seems that Bt transgenic soybean provides excellent season-long control of lepidopteran pests and have yields equal to the standard cultivars examined in this study. Once available to producers, this Bt technology has the potential to provide an effective insect pest management option similar to that being used in Bt cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and Bt corn, Zea mays L., and enhance the sustainability and profitability of soybean production in the southern region where lepidopteran pests cause annual economic losses to the crop.
2003年至2007年期间，对几个表达来自苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）的合成cry1A基因的大豆转基因品系[大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）]进行了重复田间试验，以研究其对鳞翅目害虫自然种群密度的抑制作用以及由此造成的作物损害。对Bt大豆和阴性对照（同基因分离株和亲本系）进行了针对豆蚀叶野螟（Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner)）、大豆夜蛾（Pseudoplusia includens (Walker)）和绿萍螟（Hypena scabra (F.)）的评估。在该研究的每一年中，与阴性对照大豆品系中中等（每行米5 - 10头幼虫）至大量（每行米20 - 30头幼虫）的峰值种群密度相比，在整个生长季节评估的每个Bt大豆品系中，这些鳞翅目物种的种群密度基本不存在。这些鳞翅目种群在非Bt大豆地块中造成了显著的植株损害，从2003年的53%落叶到2007年的17.5%，而Bt大豆地块的落叶率<1.5%（大多为0.0%落叶）。当在8月或9月鳞翅目种群接近或超过经济阈值水平时施用两到三种叶面杀虫剂时，害虫种群受到抑制，处理后的非Bt品系中的落叶情况与Bt大豆中的结果相似，落叶很少。在本研究的每年中，Bt和非Bt品系之间的大豆百粒重和收获产量相似。似乎Bt转基因大豆对鳞翅目害虫提供了出色的全季控制，并且产量与本研究中检测的标准品种相当。一旦生产者能够使用，这种Bt技术有可能提供一种类似于Bt棉花（陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.））和Bt玉米（玉米（Zea mays L.））中使用的有效害虫管理选择，并提高南部地区大豆生产的可持续性和盈利能力，在该地区鳞翅目害虫每年都会给作物造成经济损失。
