Escudero Paola, Boersma Paul, Rauber Andréia Schurt, Bion Ricardo A H
Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, Spuistraat 210, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2009 Sep;126(3):1379-93. doi: 10.1121/1.3180321.
This paper examines four acoustic correlates of vowel identity in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and European Portuguese (EP): first formant (F1), second formant (F2), duration, and fundamental frequency (F0). Both varieties of Portuguese display some cross-linguistically common phenomena: vowel-intrinsic duration, vowel-intrinsic pitch, gender-dependent size of the vowel space, gender-dependent duration, and a skewed symmetry in F1 between front and back vowels. Also, the average difference between the vocal tract sizes associated with /i/ and /u/, as measured from formant analyses, is comparable to the average difference between male and female vocal tract sizes. A language-specific phenomenon is that in both varieties of Portuguese the vowel-intrinsic duration effect is larger than in many other languages. Differences between BP and EP are found in duration (BP has longer stressed vowels than EP), in F1 (the lower-mid front vowel approaches its higher-mid counterpart more closely in EP than in BP), and in the size of the intrinsic pitch effect (larger for BP than for EP).
本文研究了巴西葡萄牙语（BP）和欧洲葡萄牙语（EP）中元音识别的四个声学相关因素：第一共振峰（F1）、第二共振峰（F2）、时长和基频（F0）。这两种葡萄牙语变体都呈现出一些跨语言的常见现象：元音固有时长、元音固有音高、元音空间大小的性别差异、时长的性别差异以及前后元音在F1上的不对称。此外，通过共振峰分析测量得出，与/i/和/u/相关的声道大小的平均差异与男性和女性声道大小的平均差异相当。一种特定于语言的现象是，在这两种葡萄牙语变体中，元音固有时长效应都比许多其他语言中更大。BP和EP之间的差异体现在时长（BP的重读元音比EP更长）、F1（在EP中，低中前元音比在BP中更接近高中前元音）以及固有音高效应的大小（BP比EP更大）方面。
