Conger B V, Carabia J V
Mutat Res. 1977 Aug;46(4):285-96. doi: 10.1016/0165-1161(77)90005-x.
This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of sodium azide tNaN3) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for inducing somatic mutations at the yg2 locus in maize seeds of two different metabolic states and cell populations. Dormant or presoaked (72 h at 20 degrees C) seeds heterozygous for yg2 locus were treated with different concentrations of either EMS or NaN3. The cell populations with respect to the percentage of cells in G1, S, G2, and M were also determined for seeds of the two metabolic states. Dormant seeds possessed a higher percentage of cells in G1 and the presoaked seeds a higher percentage of cells in S, G2, and M. The frequency of yg2 sectors in leaves 4 and 5 increased with increasing concentration of both mutagens in both dormant and presoaked seeds. Both mutagens were more effective and efficient in the presoaked seeds. NaN3 was more effective than EMS in terms of number of sectors induced per unit of dose. However, EMS was more efficient as determined by sectors induced per unit of seedling injury and clearly had the ability to induce much higher sector frequencies (more than 10 times greater) than NaN3. The low ability of NaN3 (compared to EMS) to induce mutant sectors may be related to the cells not being treated at the optimum time during the cell cycle, but it is more likely due to its low effectiveness for inducing chromosome aberrations.
本研究旨在比较叠氮化钠（NaN₃）和甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）在诱导处于两种不同代谢状态和细胞群体的玉米种子yg2位点体细胞突变方面的有效性和效率。对yg2位点杂合的休眠或预浸泡（20℃下72小时）种子用不同浓度的EMS或NaN₃进行处理。还测定了两种代谢状态种子在G1、S、G2和M期的细胞群体占比。休眠种子中处于G1期的细胞百分比更高，而预浸泡种子中处于S、G2和M期的细胞百分比更高。在休眠和预浸泡种子中，第4和第5片叶子中yg2扇形区的频率均随两种诱变剂浓度的增加而增加。两种诱变剂在预浸泡种子中更有效且效率更高。就每单位剂量诱导的扇形区数量而言，NaN₃比EMS更有效。然而，以每单位幼苗损伤诱导的扇形区来衡量，EMS更高效，并且显然能够诱导比NaN₃高得多的扇形区频率（超过10倍）。NaN₃（与EMS相比）诱导突变扇形区的能力较低，可能与细胞在细胞周期中未在最佳时间受到处理有关，但更可能是由于其诱导染色体畸变的效率较低。
