Uhlmann Frank
Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK.
EMBO Rep. 2009 Oct;10(10):1095-102. doi: 10.1038/embor.2009.207. Epub 2009 Sep 11.
Sister chromatid cohesion is the basis for the recognition of chromosomal DNA replication products for their bipolar segregation in mitosis. Fundamental to sister chromatid cohesion is the ring-shaped cohesin complex, which is loaded onto chromosomes long before the initiation of DNA replication and is thought to hold replicated sister chromatids together by topological embrace. What happens to cohesin when the replication fork approaches, and how cohesin recognizes newly synthesized sister chromatids, is poorly understood. The characterization of a number of cohesion establishment factors has begun to provide hints as to the reactions involved. Cohesin is a member of the evolutionarily conserved family of Smc subunit-based protein complexes that contribute to many aspects of chromosome biology by mediating long-range DNA interactions. I propose that the establishment of cohesion equates to the selective stabilization of those cohesin-mediated DNA interactions that link sister chromatids in the wake of replication forks.
姐妹染色单体黏连是有丝分裂中染色体DNA复制产物进行双极分离识别的基础。姐妹染色单体黏连的基础是环形黏连蛋白复合体，它在DNA复制起始前很久就加载到染色体上，被认为通过拓扑环绕将复制后的姐妹染色单体维系在一起。当复制叉靠近时黏连蛋白会发生什么，以及黏连蛋白如何识别新合成的姐妹染色单体，目前尚不清楚。对一些黏连建立因子的表征已开始为相关反应提供线索。黏连蛋白是基于Smc亚基的进化保守蛋白复合体家族的成员，通过介导远距离DNA相互作用在染色体生物学的许多方面发挥作用。我认为黏连的建立等同于那些在复制叉之后连接姐妹染色单体的黏连蛋白介导的DNA相互作用的选择性稳定。
