Orenstein A, Borenstein B, Ronen M, Shimoni T, Klein B
Dept. of Plastic Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer.
Harefuah. 1990 Jun 1;118(11):639-40.
Sea urchins (Echinoidea) are found along the Mediterranean and especially the Red Sea coasts of Israel. The most important species are Diadema setosum on the Red Sea coast, and Paracentrus lividus on the Mediterranean. When stepped on, the brittle spines penetrate and the venom they carry causes further damage. Thus the injuries are mainly mechanical, but may be complicated by a foreign body reaction to the bits of spine, to small detached segments of their covering epithelium, and damage by the epithelial venom. Severe pain, edema, local sensory loss and sometimes suppuration ensue.
海胆（海胆纲）分布于地中海沿岸，尤其是以色列的红海沿岸。最重要的种类是红海沿岸的刺冠海胆和地中海的紫球海胆。当被踩到的时候，脆弱的棘刺会刺入，其携带的毒液会造成进一步损伤。因此，损伤主要是机械性的，但可能因对棘刺碎片、覆盖上皮的小脱落片段的异物反应以及上皮毒液的损伤而变得复杂。继而会出现剧痛、水肿、局部感觉丧失，有时还会化脓。
