Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Waste Manag Res. 2009 Nov;27(8):716-23. doi: 10.1177/0734242X09345599. Epub 2009 Sep 11.
Management of post-consumer solid waste contributes to emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) representing about 3% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Most GHG reporting initiatives around the world utilize two metrics proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): radiative forcing (RF) and global warming potential (GWP). This paper provides a general introduction of the factors that define a GHG and explains the scientific background for estimating RF and GWP, thereby exposing the lay reader to a brief overview of the methods for calculating the effects of GHGs on climate change. An objective of this paper is to increase awareness that the GWP of GHGs has been re-adjusted as the concentration and relative proportion of these GHGs has changed with time (e.g., the GWP of methane has changed from 21 to 25 CO(2)-eq). Improved understanding of the indirect effects of GHGs has also led to a modification in the methodology for calculating GWP. Following a presentation of theory behind GHG, RF and GWP concepts, the paper briefly describes the most important GHG sources and sinks in the context of the waste management industry. The paper serves as a primer for more detailed research publications presented in this special issue of Waste Management & Research providing a technology-based assessment of quantitative GHG emissions from different waste management technologies.
消费后固体废物管理导致温室气体（GHG）排放，占全球人为 GHG 排放的约 3%。全球大多数温室气体报告倡议都使用政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）提出的两个指标：辐射强迫（RF）和全球升温潜能值（GWP）。本文对定义温室气体的因素进行了一般性介绍，并解释了估算 RF 和 GWP 的科学背景，从而使非专业读者对计算温室气体对气候变化影响的方法有一个简要的了解。本文的目的之一是提高人们的认识，即随着时间的推移，这些温室气体的浓度和相对比例发生了变化（例如，甲烷的全球升温潜能值已从 21 变为 25 CO2-等价物），温室气体的全球升温潜能值已经重新调整。对温室气体间接影响的认识的提高也导致了计算全球升温潜能值的方法的修改。在介绍温室气体、RF 和 GWP 概念的理论之后，本文简要描述了废物管理行业中最重要的温室气体源和汇。本文是本特刊中更详细的研究出版物的入门读物，对不同废物管理技术的温室气体排放量进行了基于技术的评估。
