Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University, Ludwigstr. 21B, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
J Anim Sci. 2010 Jan;88(1):80-6. doi: 10.2527/jas.2008-1742. Epub 2009 Sep 11.
Data from pure breeds, as well as reciprocal crosses of German Angus (GA) and Simmental (SIM) beef cattle, were used to estimate genetic parameters and to evaluate the suitability for crossbreeding in terms of increasing productivity. Traits of interest were calving difficulty, birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT), and ADG from birth to weaning. Data were collected over a period of 7 yr from 1997 and 1998 until 2003 and 2004, whereas crossbreeding was carried out in 2002 and 2003, and 2003 and 2004 only. Variance components and differences between breeds, individual heterosis, and maternal breed effects were analyzed based on 1,441 purebred and 329 crossbred records for BWT and 1,319 purebred and 316 crossbred records for WWT and ADG, respectively. Mean calving difficulty scores were greater in SIM than in GA (P < 0.001). For BWT, WWT, and ADG both reciprocal crosses fell between the purebreds, and for all 3 traits SIM showed greater average values compared with GA. The estimated heritabilities were 0.23 for BWT and 0.12 for WWT. Values for the maternal effect and the correlation between additive and maternal effect were 0.18 for BWT, 0.08 for WWT, 0.32 for BWT, and 0.50 for WWT, respectively. Individual heterosis was only significant for BWT (3.7%; P < 0.01). Superior mothering ability of SIM was implicated by greater WWT and ADG of SIM as dam against the reciprocal cross (P < 0.001). The results provide information about the extent of individual heterosis and maternal breed effects.
数据来自纯种牛，以及德系安格斯牛（GA）和西门塔尔牛（SIM）肉牛的正反交，用于估计遗传参数，并评估在提高生产力方面的杂交适用性。感兴趣的性状有分娩难易度、初生重（BWT）、断奶重（WWT）和断奶至育肥的日增重（ADG）。数据收集于 1997 年至 1998 年、2003 年至 2004 年期间，而杂交是在 2002 年至 2003 年和 2003 年至 2004 年进行的。基于 1441 份纯种和 329 份杂交记录的 BWT，以及 1319 份纯种和 316 份杂交记录的 WWT 和 ADG，分别分析了方差分量和品种间差异、个体杂种优势和母本品种效应。SIM 的平均分娩难易度评分高于 GA（P<0.001）。对于 BWT、WWT 和 ADG，正反交均处于纯种之间，而对于所有 3 个性状，SIM 的平均值均高于 GA。BWT 的估计遗传力为 0.23，WWT 的为 0.12。母本效应和加性与母本效应之间的相关系数分别为 BWT 的 0.18、WWT 的 0.08、BWT 的 0.32 和 WWT 的 0.50。个体杂种优势仅对 BWT 显著（3.7%；P<0.01）。SIM 的母本具有更好的繁殖能力，因为 SIM 作为母本的 WWT 和 ADG 高于正反交（P<0.001）。研究结果提供了关于个体杂种优势和母本品种效应程度的信息。
