Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
J Innate Immun. 2009;1(2):70-87. doi: 10.1159/000181144.
The innate immune system of the human body has developed numerous mechanisms to control endogenous and exogenous bacteria and thus prevent infections by these microorganisms. These mechanisms range from physical barriers such as the skin or mucosal epithelium to a sophisticated array of molecules and cells that function to suppress or prevent bacterial infection. Many bacteria express a variety of proteases, ranging from non-specific and powerful enzymes that degrade many proteins involved in innate immunity to proteases that are extremely precise and specific in their mode of action. Here we have assembled a comprehensive picture of how bacterial proteases affect the host's innate immune system to gain advantage and cause infection. This picture is far from being complete since the numbers of mechanisms utilized are as astonishing as they are diverse, ranging from degradation of molecules vital to innate immune mechanisms to subversion of the mechanisms to allow the bacterium to hide from the system or take advantage of it. It is vital that such mechanisms are elucidated to allow strategies to be developed to aid the innate immune system in controlling bacterial infections.
人体的先天免疫系统已经发展出许多机制来控制内源性和外源性细菌，从而预防这些微生物的感染。这些机制包括从皮肤或粘膜上皮等物理屏障到一系列复杂的分子和细胞，它们的功能是抑制或预防细菌感染。许多细菌表达各种蛋白酶，范围从非特异性和强大的酶，这些酶可以降解许多参与先天免疫的蛋白质，到作用模式极其精确和特异的蛋白酶。在这里，我们综合描述了细菌蛋白酶如何影响宿主的先天免疫系统以获得优势并引起感染。由于所利用的机制数量之多令人惊讶，而且种类繁多，从降解对先天免疫机制至关重要的分子到颠覆这些机制以使细菌能够躲避或利用该系统，这幅画面远非完整。阐明这些机制对于制定策略来帮助先天免疫系统控制细菌感染至关重要。
