Reiter S, Poethko-Müller C
Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Fachgebiet Impfprävention, Robert Koch-Institut, 650261, 13302, Berlin.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2009 Nov;52(11):1037-44. doi: 10.1007/s00103-009-0957-7.
Available data show increasing vaccination coverage of children and adolescents in recent years in Germany. Vaccination coverage of children against diphtheria, tetanus, polio and haemophilus influenzae Type b is high. Vaccination gaps exist for pertussis, hepatitis B and for the second measles, mumps and rubella doses. Coverage is still insufficient to achieve effective herd immunity and measles elimination. Data from the representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents reveal that vaccination of infants is markedly delayed compared to recommendations of the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO). Particularly older children and adolescents are often not fully vaccinated or are even unvaccinated. A high proportion is missing the recommended booster doses against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio. Vaccination compliance especially regarding completeness and timeliness is lower in western than eastern Germany, as well as in children of vaccine sceptics and foreign-born children. More comprehensive surveillance of vaccination coverage and adverse events following immunization as well as the implementation of a national immunization plan focussing on closure of immunization gaps could lead to improved vaccination coverage.
现有数据显示，近年来德国儿童和青少年的疫苗接种覆盖率不断提高。儿童对白喉、破伤风、脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌的疫苗接种覆盖率很高。百日咳、乙型肝炎以及第二剂麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗存在接种缺口。覆盖率仍不足以实现有效的群体免疫和消除麻疹。德国儿童和青少年代表性健康访谈与检查调查的数据显示，与德国疫苗接种常设委员会（STIKO）的建议相比，婴儿接种疫苗明显延迟。特别是大龄儿童和青少年往往没有完全接种疫苗，甚至未接种疫苗。很大一部分人缺少针对白喉、破伤风、百日咳和脊髓灰质炎的推荐加强剂次。在德国西部，以及疫苗怀疑论者的子女和外国出生儿童中，疫苗接种依从性，尤其是在完整性和及时性方面较低。对疫苗接种覆盖率和免疫接种后不良事件进行更全面的监测，以及实施一项侧重于消除免疫缺口的国家免疫计划，可能会提高疫苗接种覆盖率。
