Offergeld Ruth, Hamouda Osamah, Burger Reinhard
Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany.
Transfus Med Hemother. 2010 Jun;37(3):125-130. doi: 10.1159/000314212. Epub 2010 May 20.
Epidemiological data are essential for monitoring trends and outbreaks of infectious diseases in the general population. The reporting system pursuant to the Infection Protection Act in Germany results in a very good quality of timely nationwide data on all reportable diseases including those relevant for the blood supply: HIV, hepatitis C, hepatitis B and syphilis. Notifications of acute hepatitis B and first-time diagnosed hepatitis C infections in the general population showed a declining trend in the past years, but the number of reports of HIV and syphilis infections increased until 2007 especially among men who have sex with men. New preventive strategies should also address changes in sexual behavior. The specific surveillance of blood donors is an important part of the hemovigilance system. The highly effective donor selection process results in a small number of confirmed infections among donors in Germany. The surveillance data enable us to identify specific trends that might challenge blood safety like the increase in HIV infections among repeat donors. Specific evaluations are performed when needed. These additional studies can be used to modify guidelines or recommendations and to (re)evaluate the need for or the effect of further testing.
流行病学数据对于监测普通人群中传染病的趋势和疫情至关重要。德国依据《感染保护法》建立的报告系统，能产生关于所有应报告疾病（包括与血液供应相关的疾病：艾滋病毒、丙型肝炎、乙型肝炎和梅毒）的高质量全国性及时数据。过去几年，普通人群中急性乙型肝炎和首次诊断出的丙型肝炎感染的报告呈下降趋势，但艾滋病毒和梅毒感染的报告数量在2007年之前有所增加，尤其是在男男性行为者中。新的预防策略也应应对性行为的变化。对献血者的专项监测是血液警戒系统的重要组成部分。德国高效的献血者筛选程序使得献血者中确诊感染的人数较少。监测数据使我们能够识别可能对血液安全构成挑战的特定趋势，例如重复献血者中艾滋病毒感染的增加。必要时会进行专项评估。这些额外的研究可用于修改指南或建议，并（重新）评估进一步检测的必要性或效果。
