Bugarski Aleksandar D, Schnakenberg George H, Hummer Ion A, Cauda Emanuele, Janisko Samuel I, Patts Larry D
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Sep 1;43(17):6737-43. doi: 10.1021/es9006355.
Three types of uncatalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems, three types of high-temperature disposable filter elements (DFEs), and one diesel oxidation catalytic converter (DOC) were evaluated in underground mine conditions for their effects on the concentrations and size distributions of diesel aerosols. Those effects were compared with the effects of a standard muffler. The experimental work was conducted directly in an underground environment using a unique diesel laboratory developed in an underground experimental mine. The DPF systems reduced total mass of aerosols in the mine air approximately 10-fold for light-load and 20-fold or more for high-load test conditions. The DFEs offered similar reductions in aerosol mass concentrations. The efficiency of the new DFEs significantly increased with accumulation of operating time and buildup of diesel particulate matter in the porous structure of the filter elements. A single laundering process did not exhibit substantial effects on performance of the filter element The effectiveness of DPFs and DFEs in removing aerosols by number was strongly influenced by engine operating mode. The concentrations of nucleation mode aerosols in the mine air were found to be substantially higher for both DPFs and DFEs when the engine was operated at high-load modes than at low-load modes. The effects of the DOC on mass and number concentrations of aerosols in mine air were relatively minor when compared to those of the DPF and DFE systems.
在地下矿井条件下，对三种类型的非催化柴油颗粒过滤器（DPF）系统、三种类型的高温一次性过滤元件（DFE）和一个柴油氧化催化转化器（DOC）进行了评估，以研究它们对柴油气溶胶浓度和粒径分布的影响。将这些影响与标准消声器的影响进行了比较。实验工作是在一个地下实验矿井中专门搭建的柴油实验室里，直接在地下环境中进行的。对于轻载测试条件，DPF系统可将矿井空气中气溶胶的总质量降低约10倍；对于重载测试条件，可降低20倍或更多。DFE也能使气溶胶质量浓度有类似程度的降低。新型DFE的效率随着运行时间的积累以及过滤元件多孔结构中柴油颗粒物的堆积而显著提高。单次清洗过程对过滤元件的性能没有显著影响。DPF和DFE在按数量去除气溶胶方面的有效性受发动机运行模式的强烈影响。当发动机在高负荷模式下运行时，矿井空气中核模态气溶胶的浓度对于DPF和DFE两者而言都明显高于低负荷模式下的浓度。与DPF和DFE系统相比，DOC对矿井空气中气溶胶质量和数量浓度的影响相对较小。
