Farnsworth M G
Department of Psychiatry, Ramsey Clinic, St Paul-Ramsey Foundation, Minnesota 55101.
J Fam Pract. 1990 Oct;31(4):393-400.
Benzodiazepines can be prescribed for a number of medical conditions. Many physicians are reluctant to prescribe benzodiazepines out of fear of producing dependence in patients and incurring the disapproval of their peers. Studies of psychotropic drug use and abuse demonstrate that individuals using benzodiazepines for treatment of a medical illness rarely demonstrate tolerance to the therapeutic action of the medication or escalate the dose. Eighty percent of benzodiazepines are prescribed for 6 months or less, and elderly women are the most common long-term users of low-dose benzodiazepines. In contrast, recreational use of benzodiazepines is associated with polysubstance abuse, lack of medical supervision, rapid tolerance to the euphoric or sedating side effect, and escalation of dose. Most recreational users of benzodiazepines are young men. Documentation of indication for use, collection of drug-abuse history, close monitoring, and drug holidays can improve the management of this class of medication.
苯二氮䓬类药物可用于多种医疗状况。许多医生不愿开具苯二氮䓬类药物，因为担心患者会产生依赖并招致同行的不满。对精神药物使用和滥用的研究表明，使用苯二氮䓬类药物治疗疾病的个体很少对药物的治疗作用产生耐受性或增加剂量。80%的苯二氮䓬类药物处方使用时间为6个月或更短，老年女性是低剂量苯二氮䓬类药物最常见的长期使用者。相比之下，苯二氮䓬类药物的娱乐性使用与多药滥用、缺乏医疗监督、对欣快或镇静副作用快速产生耐受性以及剂量增加有关。大多数苯二氮䓬类药物的娱乐性使用者是年轻男性。记录用药指征、收集药物滥用史、密切监测以及药物假期可以改善这类药物的管理。
