Eze K C, Enock M E, Eluehike S U
Department of Radiology, Ophthalmology University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
Niger Postgrad Med J. 2009 Sep;16(3):198-202.
To find out the causes, time of presentation for ultrasound scan, pattern of eye injuries and orbital ultrasound findings in patients with orbito-ocular trauma.
Retrospective study of request cards, case notes and ultrasound reports of 67 patients who had trauma to the eye and were assessed with ultrasonography over a 3-year period (between 20th January 2000 and 19th January 2003) was done. The collected data included age, sex, presenting complaint, past medical history, duration of the injury before presentation to ultrasonographic study and ultrasound findings.
Sixty-seven patients were seen consisting of 54 males (83.58%) and 11 females (16.42%) with male to female ratio of 5:1. Age range was 4 to 91 years with mean age of 30.8 years. 44 patients (65. 67%) had blunt trauma while 23 patients (34.32%) had penetrating trauma. The causes of the ocular trauma include road traffic accidents 32 (47.76%), assaults 16 (23.88%), gunshot injuries 10 (14. 93%), sports injuries 5 (7.46%), and falls from heights 4 (5.92%) patients. 42 patients (53.73%), especially those with severe injuries presented late for ultrasonography. Those who made early presentation were cases of assault because of police involvement. Forty-five patients (67.16%) had structurally identifiable pathology in one or both eyes. Retinal detachment 18 (26.87%), vitreous haemorrhage 17 (25.37%), traumatic cataract 13 (19.40), ruptured globe 6 (8.96%) and posterior dislocation of the lens 6 (8.96) were the commonest abnormal sonographic findings. In 22 patients (32.84%) both eyes were normal.
Ultrasound scan is a useful imaging modality for examination of the globe in patients with ocular trauma. Road traffic accident is the commonest cause of traumatic ocular injury affecting the globe. Retinal detachment and vitreous haemorrhage are the most frequent injuries to the globe diagnosed by ultrasound scan. Measures to reduce road traffic accidents will have far reaching positive effect in preventing blindness resulting from orbito-ocular trauma in Nigeria.
探究眼眶-眼外伤患者的病因、超声检查的就诊时间、眼外伤类型及眼眶超声检查结果。
对67例眼部外伤患者的申请单、病历及超声报告进行回顾性研究，这些患者在3年期间（2000年1月20日至2003年1月19日）接受了超声检查。收集的数据包括年龄、性别、主诉、既往病史、受伤至接受超声检查的时长以及超声检查结果。
共67例患者，其中男性54例（83.58%），女性11例（16.42%），男女比例为5:1。年龄范围为4至91岁，平均年龄30.8岁。44例（65.67%）为钝挫伤，23例（34.32%）为穿通伤。眼外伤的病因包括道路交通事故32例（47.76%）、袭击16例（23.88%）、枪伤10例（14.93%）、运动损伤5例（7.46%）以及高处坠落4例（5.92%）。42例（53.73%）患者，尤其是重伤患者，超声检查就诊较晚。因警方介入而早期就诊的患者为袭击所致。45例（67.16%）患者一只或两只眼睛存在可通过结构识别的病变。视网膜脱离18例（26.87%）、玻璃体积血17例（25.37%）、外伤性白内障13例（19.40%）、眼球破裂6例（8.96%）以及晶状体后脱位6例（8.96%）是最常见的超声异常表现。22例（32.84%）患者双眼正常。
超声检查是眼部外伤患者眼球检查的一种有用的影像学检查方法。道路交通事故是影响眼球的外伤性眼损伤最常见的原因。视网膜脱离和玻璃体积血是超声检查诊断出的眼球最常见损伤。在尼日利亚，减少道路交通事故的措施对预防眼眶-眼外伤导致的失明将产生深远的积极影响。
