Viestenz A, Küchle M
Augenklinik mit Poliklinik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kopfklinikum, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2001 Oct;218(10):662-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2001-18388.
Ocular trauma is the cause of every third enucleation. Blunt injuries belong to the most frequent causes. We analysed blunt ocular injuries to collect detailed epidemiological data.
Retrospective analysis of 417 inpatients of the university-eye-hospital Erlangen from 1985-1995 with ocular contusion or globe rupture (EOCR - Erlangen Ocular Contusion-Registry).
One third of the injuries occurred during work time, more than 40 % during leisure time. 85 % of the patients were male. One half was 10 to 29 years old. Visual impairment of less than 20/200 was more frequently associated with severe damage of intraocular structures: 53 times more ruptures of the globe, 33 times more lens luxation, 17 times more retinal detachment. Visual acuity was lower following traumas due to fall and grinding. Visual impairment was rarely induced by large objects like soccer balls. Morphological findings included: hyphema (73 %), rebleeding (4 %), angle recession (71 %), iris sphincter tears (20 %), iridodialysis (10 %), cyclodialysis (3,4 %), traumatic aniridia (1 %), lens dislocation (15 %), traumatic cataract (10 %), choroidal rupture (7 %), retinal tear or detachment (7 %), Berlin's edema (35,5 %), globe rupture (4,6 %), blow-out-fracture (8,3 %). Vitreal prolapse (7,5 %) was often associated with vitreal hemorrhage (57 %), hyphema (86 %), globe rupture (20 %), iris sphincter tear (44 %), iridodialysis or cyclodialysis (43 %), traumatic cataract (41 %), lens dislocation (93 %) and retinal tear or detachment (29 %).
Blunt ocular injuries frequently induce severe ocular damage. Only consequent attention to industrial safety act, general preference given to rounded edges and the urgent information about safety eyeware for hobbyists may reduce the number of ocular injuries with permanent morphological and functional damage.
眼外伤是三分之一眼球摘除术的病因。钝挫伤是最常见的病因之一。我们分析钝性眼外伤以收集详细的流行病学数据。
对1985年至1995年期间埃尔朗根大学眼科医院417例因眼挫伤或眼球破裂住院的患者进行回顾性分析（埃尔朗根眼挫伤登记处）。
三分之一的损伤发生在工作时间，超过40%发生在休闲时间。85%的患者为男性。一半患者年龄在10至29岁之间。视力低于20/200更常与眼内结构的严重损伤相关：眼球破裂多53倍，晶状体脱位多33倍，视网膜脱离多17倍。因跌倒和研磨导致的外伤后视力较低。视力损害很少由足球等大物体引起。形态学表现包括：前房积血（73%）、再出血（4%）、房角后退（71%）、虹膜括约肌撕裂（20%）、虹膜根部离断（10%）、睫状体脱离（3.4%）、外伤性无虹膜（1%）、晶状体脱位（15%）、外伤性白内障（10%）、脉络膜破裂（7%）、视网膜裂孔或脱离（7%）、柏林水肿（35.5%）、眼球破裂（4.6%）、爆裂性骨折（8.3%）。玻璃体脱出（7.5%）常与玻璃体积血（57%）、前房积血（86%）、眼球破裂（20%）、虹膜括约肌撕裂（44%）、虹膜根部离断或睫状体脱离（43%）、外伤性白内障（41%）、晶状体脱位（93%）和视网膜裂孔或脱离（29%）相关。
钝性眼外伤常导致严重的眼部损伤。只有切实关注工业安全法规、普遍采用圆形边缘以及及时向业余爱好者提供安全眼镜信息，才可能减少造成永久性形态和功能损害的眼外伤数量。
