Institute of Mine Reclamation Technology, Korea Mine Reclamation Corporation, Coal Center, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Environ Geochem Health. 2010 Jun;32(3):207-16. doi: 10.1007/s10653-009-9276-z. Epub 2009 Sep 19.
To get representative soil samples, a sampling method was verified for crop fields in the vicinity of abandoned mine sites. Application of appropriate sampling or analytical methods is very important as it affects the costs, time, and accuracy of the refined investigation of soil contamination. Two-time sampling for each crop field was conducted to verify the reproducibility of a zigzag method for soil sampling. The soil analysis using a portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) device was conducted to measure concentrations of metal species in soils, and its results were compared to the extracted concentrations by the Korean Standard Test (KST) for soils. As a result, the determination coefficient (R (2)) of linear regression analysis for data obtained by ex situ precise measurement or in situ field screening using pXRF was closely related with the ratio of the extracted concentration by KST to interference-free detection limits (IFDL) of pXRF (designated as KST/IFDL). As the specific metal species had a higher ratio of KST/IFDL, its R (2) was even higher in the field screening tests. However, the slopes of linear regression analysis for most metal species extracted by aqua-regia were close to 1.0 so that extracted concentrations by aqua-regia were similar to the analytical values obtained by pXRF, whereas extraction using a weak acid (0.1 M HCl) had different slopes for soils contaminated with different ranges of concentrations of metal species. Especially Zn showed not only high ratios of KST/IFDL because of aqua regia extraction, but also high determination coefficients. Because of its simple, rapid, and accurate capacities for metal analysis, the pXRF analysis showed high applicability in ex situ precise measurements or in situ field screening of metal analysis. In terms of applicability for regulation, especially in situ pXRF field screening with the zigzag method could be effectively applied to achieve an economical survey by determining hot spots or non-contaminated areas if aqua-regia was applied as the extracting agent in the KST for soils.
为了获取具有代表性的土壤样本，我们对废弃矿区附近农田的采样方法进行了验证。应用适当的采样或分析方法非常重要，因为这会影响土壤污染精细化调查的成本、时间和准确性。对每个农田进行了两次采样，以验证土壤 zigzag 采样方法的重现性。使用便携式 X 射线荧光（pXRF）设备进行土壤分析，以测量土壤中金属物种的浓度，并将其结果与韩国标准测试（KST）提取的土壤浓度进行比较。结果表明，使用 pXRF 进行原位野外筛选或异位精确测量获得的数据的线性回归分析的决定系数（R（2））与 KST 提取浓度与 pXRF 无干扰检测限（IFDL）的比值（指定为 KST/IFDL）密切相关。由于特定金属物种的 KST/IFDL 比值较高，因此在野外筛选测试中，其 R（2）更高。但是，大多数用 Aqua regia 提取的金属物种的线性回归分析斜率接近 1.0，因此 Aqua regia 提取的浓度与 pXRF 获得的分析值相似，而用弱酸（0.1 M HCl）提取时，金属物种浓度范围不同的土壤的斜率不同。特别是 Zn 不仅因为 Aqua regia 提取而具有较高的 KST/IFDL 比值，而且还具有较高的决定系数。由于 pXRF 分析具有金属分析简单、快速和准确的特点，因此在土壤中金属分析的异位精确测量或原位野外筛选中具有很高的适用性。就适用性而言，特别是如果在 KST 中应用 Aqua regia 作为提取剂，则可以使用 zigzag 方法的原位 pXRF 野外筛选有效地应用于通过确定热点或无污染区域来实现经济调查。
