Sokhansanj Shahabaddine, Hess J Richard
Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2009;581:1-25. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-214-8_1.
Feedstock supply system encompasses numerous unit operations necessary to move lignocellulosic feedstock from the place where it is produced (in the field or on the stump) to the start of the conversion process (reactor throat) of the biorefinery. These unit operations, which include collection, storage, preprocessing, handling, and transportation, represent one of the largest technical and logistics challenges to the emerging lignocellulosic biorefining industry. This chapter briefly reviews the methods of estimating the quantities of biomass, followed by harvesting and collection processes based on current practices on handling wet and dry forage materials. Storage and queuing are used to deal with seasonal harvest times, variable yields, and delivery schedules. Preprocessing can be as simple as grinding and formatting the biomass for increased bulk density or improved conversion efficiency, or it can be as complex as improving feedstock quality through fractionation, tissue separation, drying, blending, and densification. Handling and transportation consists of using a variety of transport equipment (truck, train, ship) for moving the biomass from one point to another. The chapter also provides typical cost figures for harvest and processing of biomass.
原料供应系统包含众多单元操作，这些操作是将木质纤维素原料从其生产地（田间或树桩处）运输至生物精炼厂转化过程起始点（反应器入口）所必需的。这些单元操作包括收集、储存、预处理、搬运和运输，是新兴的木质纤维素生物精炼行业面临的最大技术和物流挑战之一。本章简要回顾了估算生物质数量的方法，随后介绍了基于当前处理湿、干草料材料的实践的收获和收集过程。储存和排队用于应对季节性收获时间、产量变化和交付计划。预处理可以简单到将生物质研磨并成型以提高堆积密度或改善转化效率，也可以复杂到通过分馏、组织分离、干燥、混合和致密化来提高原料质量。搬运和运输包括使用各种运输设备（卡车、火车、轮船）将生物质从一个地点转移到另一个地点。本章还提供了生物质收获和加工的典型成本数据。
