Hames Bonnie R
Ceres, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2009;581:145-67. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-214-8_11.
In its broadest definition, biomass can be described as all material that was or is a part of a living organism. For renewable energy applications, however, the definition of biomass is usually limited to include only materials that are plant-derived such as agricultural residues (e.g., wheat straw, corn stover) by-products of industrial processes (e.g., sawdust, sugar cane bagasse, pulp residues, distillers grains), or dedicated energy crops (e.g., switchgrass, sorghum, Miscanthus, short-rotation woody crops). This chapter describes analytical methods developed to measure plant components with an emphasis on the measurement of components that are important for biomass conversion. The methods described here can be viewed as a portfolio of analytical methods, with consistent assumptions and compatible sample preparation steps, selected for simplicity, robust application, and the ability to obtain a summative mass closure on most samples that accurately identifies greater than 95% of the mass of a plant biomass sample. The portfolio of methods has been successfully applied to a wide variety of biomass feedstock as well as liquid and solid fractions of both thermochemical pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification (1).
从最宽泛的定义来讲，生物质可被描述为曾经是或现在仍是生物体一部分的所有物质。然而，对于可再生能源应用而言，生物质的定义通常仅限于仅包括植物衍生的材料，例如农业残留物（如小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆）、工业过程的副产品（如锯末、甘蔗渣、纸浆残渣、酒糟）或专用能源作物（如柳枝稷、高粱、芒草、短轮伐期木本作物）。本章介绍了为测量植物成分而开发的分析方法，重点是对生物质转化重要的成分的测量。这里描述的方法可被视为一组分析方法，具有一致的假设和兼容的样品制备步骤，选择这些方法是为了简单、稳健应用以及能够对大多数样品获得累加质量封闭，从而准确识别植物生物质样品中超过95%的质量。该方法组合已成功应用于各种生物质原料以及热化学预处理和酶糖化的液体和固体部分（1）。
