Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Apr;138(4):542-8. doi: 10.1017/S0950268809990872. Epub 2009 Sep 28.
We report the prevalence of rotavirus and calicivirus infections, along with their respective association with diarrhoea in the porcine population of the region of northern Spain. A total of 221 samples were collected at random from different farms in the region and from the main slaughterhouse facility in the city of Zaragoza. Faecal samples were scored as diarrhoeic or normal and grouped into five groups to match general farm management and age criteria: group I (suckling 0-4 weeks), group II (weaning >4-8 weeks), group III (transition >8-16 weeks), group IV (fattening >16-24 weeks) and group V (adults >24 weeks). Group A rotavirus detection and caliciviruses were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Conventional RT-PCR was performed using primers designed to detect rotavirus group A, caliciviruses and/or human noroviruses. A real-time RT-PCR was carried out using TaqMan probes for genogroups GI and GII of noroviruses. Rotaviruses and caliciviruses were detected with an overall prevalence of 16.7% and 12.2%, respectively. Rotavirus detection in faecal samples was associated with both age and faecal consistency, being more frequent in piglets aged <8 weeks with odds ratios (ORs) equal to 4.3 and 4.9, respectively. Calicivirus shedding in faecal samples was homogenously distributed in all ages, showing no significant association with age or faecal consistency (OR 0.87 and 0.99, respectively). A selection of rotavirus-positive stools were genotyped by multiplex nested PCR. G10, P[6], G12 P[8], G9 [p8] and G4 P[23] genotype combinations were found. Three isolates showed a G3 genotype, but their VP4 gene could not be amplified. It should be noted that the G9 genotype was the major G genotype circulating during that period in Spain. None of the porcine samples was positive for norovirus by real-time RT-PCR, despite the ability of this technique to detect at least 18 human norovirus genotypes. Our data indicate that human noroviruses are unlikely to be circulating in the porcine population; however, sapoviruses have been found. Contrary to rotavirus infection, Calicivirus infection is asymptomatic. Specific primers to detect porcine noroviruses are needed.
我们报告了轮状病毒和杯状病毒感染的流行情况，以及它们在西班牙北部地区猪群中的腹泻各自关联。从该地区的不同农场和萨拉戈萨市的主要屠宰场设施中随机采集了 221 个粪便样本。粪便样本被评为腹泻或正常，并分为五组，以匹配一般农场管理和年龄标准：组 I（0-4 周的哺乳仔猪）、组 II（4-8 周的断奶仔猪）、组 III（8-16 周的过渡仔猪）、组 IV（16-24 周的育肥猪）和组 V（24 周以上的成年猪）。通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测 A 组轮状病毒和杯状病毒。使用设计用于检测轮状病毒 A 组、杯状病毒和/或人类诺如病毒的引物进行常规 RT-PCR。使用 TaqMan 探针进行针对诺如病毒 GI 和 GII 基因群的实时 RT-PCR。轮状病毒和杯状病毒的总检出率分别为 16.7%和 12.2%。轮状病毒在粪便样本中的检测与年龄和粪便稠度均有关，<8 周龄仔猪的检出率更高，优势比（OR）分别为 4.3 和 4.9。杯状病毒在粪便样本中的脱落均匀分布在所有年龄段，与年龄或粪便稠度无显著相关性（OR 分别为 0.87 和 0.99）。选择一些轮状病毒阳性粪便进行多重嵌套 PCR 基因分型。发现 G10、P[6]、G12 P[8]、G9[p8]和 G4 P[23]基因型组合。三种分离株显示 G3 基因型，但无法扩增其 VP4 基因。值得注意的是，在西班牙，G9 基因型是当时主要流行的 G 基因型。尽管实时 RT-PCR 技术能够检测至少 18 种人类诺如病毒基因型，但未从猪样本中检测到诺如病毒。我们的数据表明，人类诺如病毒不太可能在猪群中传播；然而，已发现 sapoviruses。与轮状病毒感染相反，杯状病毒感染无症状。需要检测猪诺如病毒的特异性引物。
