Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA.
Water Res. 2009 Dec;43(20):4989-5003. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.047. Epub 2009 Sep 4.
Restoration of the iconic Golden Horn Estuary in Istanbul, Turkey was a substantial political, logistical, ecological, and social challenge. Forty years of uncontrolled industrial and urban growth resulted in thick layers of anoxic sediment, toxic bacteria, strong hydrogen sulfide odor, and ecologically unlivable conditions. The major components of restoration, spanning two decades, have included (1) demolition and relocation of industries and homes along the shore, (2) creation of wastewater infrastructure, (3) removal of anoxic sludge from the estuary, (4) removal of a floating bridge that impeded circulation, and (5) creation of cultural and social facilities. Although Turkey is not known as an environmental leader in pollution control, the sum of these efforts was largely successful in revitalizing the area through dramatic water quality improvement. Consequently, the estuary is once again inhabitable for aquatic life as well as amenable to local resource users and foreign visitors, and Istanbul has regained a lost sense of cultural identity. This paper focuses on literature review and personal interviews to discuss the causes of degradation, solutions employed to rehabilitate the estuary, and subsequent physicochemical, ecological, and social changes.
土耳其伊斯坦布尔标志性的金角湾的修复是一项重大的政治、后勤、生态和社会挑战。四十年来，不受控制的工业和城市发展导致了厚厚的缺氧沉积物、有毒细菌、强烈的硫化氢气味以及不适合生态居住的条件。这项跨越二十年的修复工作的主要内容包括：(1) 拆除和搬迁沿海水域的工业和住宅，(2) 建造废水基础设施，(3) 清除港湾中的缺氧淤泥，(4) 拆除阻碍循环的浮桥，(5) 建造文化和社会设施。尽管土耳其在污染控制方面并不以环境领导者著称，但这些努力的总和在很大程度上成功地通过显著改善水质使该地区恢复了生机。因此，该港湾再次成为水生生物的栖息地，也有利于当地资源使用者和外国游客，伊斯坦布尔重新获得了失落的文化认同感。本文通过文献综述和个人访谈，重点讨论了退化的原因、用于修复港湾的解决方案以及随后的物理化学、生态和社会变化。
