National Institute For Standard, Department of Ionizing Radiation and Radioactive Material Metrology, P. O. Box 136 Giza Code No. 12211, Egypt.
J Environ Radioact. 2010 Jan;101(1):51-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.016. Epub 2009 Sep 25.
Disposal petroleum pipes containing sludge and scale as a technically enhanced natural occurring radioactive material (TENORM) leads to internal and external radiation hazards and then a significant radiation dose to the workers. In order to contribute to a future waste management policy related to the presence of TENORM in the disposal sites of wasted petroleum pipes, scale and sludge as TENORM wastes are collected form these disposal pipes for radiometric analysis. These pipes are imported from onshore oilfields at south Sinai governorate, Egypt. The highest mean (226)Ra and (228)Ra concentrations of 519 and 50 kBq/kg respectively, were measured in scale samples. Sludge lies within the normal range of radium concentration. The average absorbed dose caused by the exposure to the wasted pipes equal to 4.09 microGy h(-1) from sludge and 262 microGy h(-1) from scale. This is much higher than the acceptable level of 0.059 microGy h(-1). Due to radon inhalation, important radon related parameters are calculated which advantage in internal dose calculation. Fairly good correlation between real radium content and radon exhalation rate for sludge samples is obtained. The hazards from sludge come from its high emanation power for radon which equal to 3.83%. The obtained results demonstrate the need of screening oil residues for their radionuclide content in order to decide about their final disposal.
将含有油泥和垢的废石油管道作为一种技术增强型天然放射性物质（TENORM）进行处理，会导致内部和外部辐射危害，进而使工人受到显著的辐射剂量。为了为未来与处置废弃石油管道中 TENORM 相关的废物管理政策做出贡献，从这些处置管道中收集油泥和垢作为 TENORM 废物进行放射性分析。这些管道从埃及南部西奈省的陆上油田进口。在垢样品中测量到最高的平均（226）Ra 和（228）Ra 浓度分别为 519 和 50 kBq/kg。污泥的镭浓度在正常范围内。暴露于废弃管道的平均吸收剂量等于污泥的 4.09 微Gy h(-1)和垢的 262 微Gy h(-1)。这远高于 0.059 微Gy h(-1)的可接受水平。由于吸入氡，计算了重要的氡相关参数，这有利于内部剂量计算。对于污泥样品，实际镭含量与氡释放率之间存在相当好的相关性。污泥的危害来自其对氡的高散发能力，等于 3.83%。获得的结果表明需要筛选油渣的放射性核素含量，以决定其最终处置。
