Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2009 Dec;74(3):229-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.09.006. Epub 2009 Sep 25.
Prior studies have demonstrated that differences in activation of the defensive motivational system - as indexed by cardiac responses to the CS+ during aversive conditioning - are related to differences in the acquisition of two-levels-of-learning: cognitive (contingency learning) and emotional (fear learning). Here we further explored these differences using an independent psychophysiological test to assess cardiac reactivity - Cardiac Defense Response (CDR) - prior to the aversive conditioning task. Participants were then classified as accelerators or decelerators based on the CDR second accelerative component. Both groups showed contingency learning, as indexed by greater skin conductance changes to CS+ than to CS- during acquisition and by consistent contingency awareness ratings after the conditioning task. However, only accelerators showed affective fear learning, as indexed by greater blinks to CS+ than to CS- during (acquisition) and after (extinction) aversive conditioning. These results extend evidence about differences in the two-levels-of-learning in aversive conditioning as a function of defensive reactivity, and suggest that the CDR second accelerative component could be a reliable predictor of fear learning.
先前的研究表明，防御动机系统激活的差异——以在令人厌恶的条件作用过程中对 CS+ 的心脏反应为指标——与两种学习水平（认知（条件学习）和情感（恐惧学习））的差异有关。在这里，我们使用独立的生理心理学测试进一步探索了这些差异，该测试用于评估令人厌恶的条件作用任务之前的心脏反应性——心脏防御反应（CDR）。然后，参与者根据 CDR 的第二加速成分被分类为加速器或减速器。两组在获得过程中 CS+ 的皮肤电导率变化大于 CS-，以及在条件作用任务后保持一致的条件意识评定，都表现出了条件学习。然而，只有加速器在（获得）和（消退）令人厌恶的条件作用后，对 CS+的眨眼次数大于 CS-，表现出了情感恐惧学习。这些结果扩展了有关防御反应作为令人厌恶的条件作用中的两种学习水平差异的证据，并表明 CDR 的第二加速成分可能是恐惧学习的可靠预测指标。
