Ucar Yurdanur, Brantley William A, Bhattiprolu Sreenivas N, Johnston William M, McGlumphy Edwin A
Dental Materials Science and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43218-2357, USA.
J Prosthet Dent. 2009 Oct;102(4):216-23. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(09)60156-6.
Cast-to components are commonly used in screw-retained implant-supported restorations to produce precise fit. There is little information in the literature about the compositions and microstructures of commercially available products.
The purpose of this study was to characterize as-received cast-to components from 5 manufacturers (Dentsply Friadent CeraMed, Lifecore Biomedical, Inc, Nobel Biocare AB, Institut Straumann AG, and Zimmer Dental).
Two components from each manufacturer were mounted in metallographic resin, sectioned into quarters, remounted, wet polished with alumina abrasives, cleaned by ultrasonic agitation in distilled water, etched with aqua regia solutions, and carbon coated for scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. Secondary (SE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images were collected to investigate the variations in surface topography and composition, respectively. Elemental analyses (EDS) were performed using an energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer coupled to the SEM. Overall Vickers hardness (500-g load) and Vickers hardness of the 2 primary microstructural constituents (10-g load) were measured. Mean values and standard deviations were determined for the composition and Vickers hardness data.
All implant components were composed of 2 distinctive parallel-band constituents containing gold, palladium, and platinum. Trace concentrations of iridium were also found. Elemental compositions of the darker bands observed by BSE differed by up to 20% for Au and Pt in the 5 products, whereas there was a minimal difference in Pd content. The lighter bands observed by BSE had nearly the same compositions in all 5 products, and contained much more Au and much less Pt than the darker bands. The gold-rich bands in each product were found to have much lower Vickers hardness. At high magnifications, each of the 2 bands appeared to contain 2 phases.
The elemental compositions, microstructures, and Vickers hardness of the 5 as-received cast-to implant components were similar. Because both microstructural bands principally contain gold, palladium, and platinum, these noble cast-to implant components should be metallurgically compatible with noble metal casting alloys.
铸造部件常用于螺丝固位的种植体支持修复体，以实现精确贴合。文献中关于市售产品的成分和微观结构的信息很少。
本研究的目的是对来自5家制造商（登士柏西诺德CeraMed、Lifecore生物医学公司、诺贝尔生物保健公司、士卓曼公司和齐默牙科公司）的到货铸造部件进行表征。
将每家制造商的两个部件安装在金相树脂中，切成四等份，重新安装，用氧化铝磨料进行湿式抛光，在蒸馏水中通过超声搅拌进行清洁，用王水溶液蚀刻，然后进行碳涂层以用于扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察。分别收集二次电子（SE）图像和背散射电子（BSE）图像，以研究表面形貌和成分的变化。使用与SEM耦合的能量色散X射线光谱仪进行元素分析（EDS）。测量了总体维氏硬度（500 g载荷）和两种主要微观结构成分的维氏硬度（10 g载荷）。确定了成分和维氏硬度数据的平均值和标准偏差。
所有种植体部件均由含有金、钯和铂的两个独特的平行带成分组成。还发现了痕量铱。通过BSE观察到的较暗带的元素组成在5种产品中的金和铂含量相差高达20%，而钯含量的差异最小。通过BSE观察到的较亮带在所有5种产品中的成分几乎相同，并且比较暗带含有更多的金和更少的铂。发现每种产品中富含金的带具有低得多的维氏硬度。在高放大倍数下，两个带中的每一个似乎都包含两个相。
5种到货铸造种植体部件中的元素组成、微观结构和维氏硬度相似。由于两种微观结构带主要都含有金、钯和铂，这些贵金属铸造种植体部件在冶金学上应与贵金属铸造合金兼容。
