Yang Wuyun, Liu Dengcai, Li Jun, Zhang Lianquan, Wei Huiting, Hu Xiaorong, Zheng Youliang, He Zhouhu, Zou Yuchun
Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China.
J Genet Genomics. 2009 Sep;36(9):539-46. doi: 10.1016/S1673-8527(08)60145-9.
Synthetic hexaploid wheat (Triticum turgidumxAegilops tauschii) was created to explore for novel genes from T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii that can be used for common wheat improvement. In the present paper, research advances on the utilization of synthetic hexaploid wheat for wheat genetic improvement in China are reviewed. Over 200 synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) accessions from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) were introduced into China since 1995. Four cultivars derived from these, Chuanmai 38, Chuanmai 42, Chuanmai 43 and Chuanmai 47, have been released in China. Of these, Chuanmai 42, with large kernels and resistance to stripe rust, had the highest average yield (>6 t/ha) among all cultivars over two years in Sichuan provincial yield trials, outyielding the commercial check cultivar Chuanmai 107 by 22.7%. Meanwhile, by either artificial chromosome doubling via colchicine treatment or spontaneous chromosome doubling via a union of unreduced gametes (2n) from T. turgidum-Ae. tauschii hybrids, new SHW lines were produced in China. Mitotic-like meiosis might be the cytological mechanism of spontaneous chromosome doubling. SHW lines with genes for spontaneous chromosome doubling may be useful for producing new SHW-alien amphidiploids and double haploid in wheat genetic improvement.
人工合成六倍体小麦（普通小麦×节节麦）的培育旨在探索普通小麦和节节麦中的新基因，以用于改良普通小麦。本文综述了中国利用人工合成六倍体小麦进行小麦遗传改良的研究进展。自1995年以来，国际玉米和小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）的200多份人工合成六倍体小麦材料被引入中国。从中衍生出的4个品种，川麦38、川麦42、川麦43和川麦47，已在中国审定通过。其中，川麦42粒大且抗条锈病，在四川省两年区域试验中，其平均产量（>6吨/公顷）在所有品种中最高，比对照品种川麦107增产22.7%。同时，通过秋水仙素处理进行人工染色体加倍或通过普通小麦-节节麦杂种未减数配子（2n）结合实现自发染色体加倍，在中国培育出了新的人工合成六倍体小麦品系。类有丝分裂减数分裂可能是自发染色体加倍的细胞学机制。具有自发染色体加倍基因的人工合成六倍体小麦品系可能有助于在小麦遗传改良中创制新的人工合成六倍体-外源双二倍体和双单倍体。
