Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Jan 21;14(2):283. doi: 10.3390/genes14020283.
Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) is a useful genetic resource that can be used to improve the performance of common wheat by transferring favorable genes from a wide range of tetraploid or diploid donors. From the perspectives of physiology, cultivation, and molecular genetics, the use of SHW has the potential to increase wheat yield. Moreover, genomic variation and recombination were enhanced in newly formed SHW, which could generate more genovariation or new gene combinations compared to ancestral genomes. Accordingly, we presented a breeding strategy for the application of SHW-the 'large population with limited backcrossing method'-and we pyramided stripe rust resistance and big-spike-related QTLs/genes from SHW into new high-yield cultivars, which represents an important genetic basis of big-spike wheat in southwestern China. For further breeding applications of SHW-derived cultivars, we used the 'recombinant inbred line-based breeding method' that combines both phenotypic and genotypic evaluations to pyramid multi-spike and pre-harvest sprouting resistance QTLs/genes from other germplasms to SHW-derived cultivars; consequently, we created record-breaking high-yield wheat in southwestern China. To meet upcoming environmental challenges and continuous global demand for wheat production, SHW with broad genetic resources from wild donor species will play a major role in wheat breeding.
人工合成六倍体普通小麦是一种有用的遗传资源，它可以通过从广泛的四倍体或二倍体供体中转移有利基因来提高普通小麦的性能。从生理学、栽培和分子遗传学的角度来看，利用 SHW 有可能增加小麦的产量。此外，新形成的 SHW 中基因组变异和重组得到了增强，与祖先基因组相比，可能会产生更多的基因变异或新的基因组合。因此，我们提出了一种利用 SHW 的育种策略——“大群体有限回交方法”，并将 SHW 中的条锈病抗性和大穗相关 QTL/基因导入到新的高产品种中，这代表了中国西南地区大穗小麦的重要遗传基础。为了进一步将 SHW 衍生品种应用于育种，我们使用了“基于重组自交系的育种方法”，该方法结合了表型和基因型评估，将来自其他种质的多穗和收获前发芽抗性 QTL/基因导入 SHW 衍生品种中；由此，我们在中国西南地区创造了创纪录的高产小麦。为了应对未来的环境挑战和全球对小麦生产的持续需求，具有广泛野生供体遗传资源的 SHW 将在小麦育种中发挥重要作用。
