Robotics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy.
Waste Manag. 2009 Dec;29(12):2939-49. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.08.016. Epub 2009 Sep 23.
The present study describes a novel application for use in the monitoring of municipal solid waste, based on distributed sensor technology and geographical information systems. Original field testing and evaluation of the application were carried out in Pudong, Shanghai (PR China). The local waste management system in Pudong features particular requirements related to the rapidly increasing rate of waste production. In view of the fact that collected waste is currently deployed to landfills or to incineration plants within the context investigated, the key aspects to be taken into account in waste collection procedures include monitoring of the overall amount of waste produced, quantitative measurement of the waste present at each collection point and identification of classes of material present in the collected waste. The case study described herein focuses particularly on the above mentioned aspects, proposing the implementation of a network of sensorized waste containers linked to a data management system. Containers used were equipped with a set of sensors mounted onto standard waste bins. The design, implementation and validation procedures applied are subsequently described. The main aim to be achieved by data collection and evaluation was to provide for feasibility analysis of the final device. Data pertaining to the content of waste containers, sampled and processed by means of devices validated on two purpose-designed prototypes, were therefore uploaded to a central monitoring server using GPRS connection. The data monitoring and management modules are integrated into an existing application used by local municipal authorities. A field test campaign was performed in the Pudong area. The system was evaluated in terms of real data flow from the network nodes (containers) as well as in terms of optimization functions, such as collection vehicle routing and scheduling. The most important outcomes obtained were related to calculations of waste weight and volume. The latter data were subsequently used as parameters for the routing optimization of collection trucks and material density evaluation.
本研究描述了一种基于分布式传感器技术和地理信息系统在城市固体废物监测中的新应用。该应用的原始现场测试和评估在中国上海浦东新区进行。浦东新区的本地废物管理系统具有与废物产量快速增长相关的特殊要求。鉴于目前收集的废物被部署到垃圾填埋场或在所研究的范围内的焚烧厂，废物收集过程中需要考虑的关键方面包括监测产生的废物总量、对每个收集点的废物进行定量测量以及识别收集废物中存在的物质类别。本文所述的案例研究特别关注上述方面，提出了实施与数据管理系统相连的传感器化废物容器网络。所使用的容器配备了一组安装在标准垃圾桶上的传感器。随后描述了设计、实施和验证程序。数据收集和评估的主要目的是为最终设备的可行性分析提供依据。通过专门设计的两个原型验证的设备采集和处理的废物容器的相关数据，通过 GPRS 连接上传到中央监控服务器。数据监测和管理模块集成到当地市政当局使用的现有应用中。在浦东新区进行了现场测试活动。该系统从网络节点（容器）的实际数据流以及收集车辆路线规划和调度等优化功能方面进行了评估。获得的最重要结果与废物重量和体积的计算有关。随后，将这些数据用作收集卡车的路由优化和材料密度评估的参数。
