Miller Lori J, Myers Allison, Prinzi Lena, Mittenberg Wiley
Department of Psychology, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Cyprus, Turkey.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2009 Nov;24(7):681-8. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acp072. Epub 2009 Sep 24.
Declines in IQ scores with advancing age have been observed in each successive revision of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales. This study examined age-related changes on the fourth edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and compared these to the effects seen on the 1955, 1981, and 1997 standardizations of the scales. The most pronounced declines were in measures of processing speed and nonverbal reasoning. Declines in nonverbal reasoning were similar on timed and un-timed measures. Verbal abilities remained relatively stable across the life span. General intelligence as assessed by the Full Scale IQ was reduced about 1 SD by age 75 when corrections for age were removed. Age-related declines have become less pronounced since 1955, particularly on measures of processing speed. This effect was essentially linear, unrelated to concurrent IQ increases in the general population, and paralleled a 9-year increase in life expectancy during this time period.
在韦氏智力量表的每次修订版中，都观察到智商分数随年龄增长而下降的情况。本研究考察了韦氏成人智力量表第四版中与年龄相关的变化，并将这些变化与该量表1955年、1981年和1997年标准化版本中所观察到的效果进行了比较。最明显的下降出现在加工速度和非言语推理的测量上。在计时和非计时测量中，非言语推理的下降情况相似。言语能力在整个生命周期中保持相对稳定。去除年龄校正因素后，到75岁时，全量表智商所评估的一般智力下降了约1个标准差。自1955年以来，与年龄相关的下降变得不那么明显了，尤其是在加工速度的测量方面。这种影响基本呈线性，与普通人群中同时出现的智商增长无关，并且与这一时期预期寿命增加9年的情况平行。
