Mojidra B N, Archana K, Gautam A K, Verma Y, Lakkad B C, Kumar Sunil
Division of Reproductive and Cytotoxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, India.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2009 Aug;25(7):467-71. doi: 10.1177/0748233709345939.
Pan masala is commonly consumed in south-east Asian and other oriental countries as an alternate of tobacco chewing and smoking. Genotoxic potential of pan masala (pan masala plain and pan masala with tobacco known as gutkha) was evaluated employing chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) assay in vivo. Animals were exposed to three different doses (0.5%, 1.5% and 3%) of pan masala plain (PMP) and gutkha (PMT) through feed for a period of 6 months and micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations were studied in the bone marrow cells. Induction of mean micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and normochromatic erythrocyte (MNNCE) was higher in both types of pan masala treated groups with respect to control group. Both pan masala plain and gutkha treatment significantly induced the frequency of MNPCE and MNNCE in the bone marrow cells, indicating the genotoxic potential. Furthermore, slight decline in the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes was also noticed, suggesting the cytotoxic potential even though the ratio was statistically non significant. A dose-dependent, significant increase in chromosome aberration was observed in both types of pan masala treated mice with respect to control. However, no significant difference in micronucleus and chromosomal aberration induction was noticed between two types of pan masala exposed (PMP and PMT) groups. Results suggest that both types of pan masala, i.e. plain and gutkha, have genotoxic potential.
嚼烟在东南亚和其他东方国家常被当作嚼烟草和吸烟的替代品。通过体内染色体畸变（CA）和微核（MN）试验评估了嚼烟（原味嚼烟和含烟草的嚼烟即古特卡）的遗传毒性潜力。动物通过饲料接触三种不同剂量（0.5%、1.5%和3%）的原味嚼烟（PMP）和古特卡（PMT），为期6个月，并对骨髓细胞进行微核和染色体畸变研究。与对照组相比，两种嚼烟处理组的多染红细胞（MNPCE）和正染红细胞（MNNCE）中的平均微核诱导率均较高。原味嚼烟和古特卡处理均显著诱导了骨髓细胞中MNPCE和MNNCE的频率，表明其具有遗传毒性潜力。此外，还注意到多染红细胞与正染红细胞的比例略有下降，这表明即使该比例在统计学上无显著差异，但仍具有细胞毒性潜力。与对照组相比，在两种嚼烟处理的小鼠中均观察到染色体畸变呈剂量依赖性显著增加。然而，在两种暴露于嚼烟（PMP和PMT）的组之间，未观察到微核和染色体畸变诱导的显著差异。结果表明，两种嚼烟，即原味嚼烟和古特卡，均具有遗传毒性潜力。
