Schouler-Ocak M, Schepker R, Bretz H J, Hartkamp N, Koch E, Penka S, Hauth I, Rapp M A, Aichberger M C, Heinz A
Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus Berlin, Grosse Hamburger Strasse 5-11, 10115 Berlin.
Nervenarzt. 2010 Jan;81(1):86-94. doi: 10.1007/s00115-009-2857-3.
In a representative nationwide survey, the Psychiatry and Migration Working Group of the German Federal Conference of Psychiatric Hospital Directors examined the use of inpatient psychiatric and psychotherapeutic services in Germany by patients of immigrant origin. Questionnaires were sent to a total of 350 general hospital psychiatric clinics throughout Germany and 131 responded by the specified deadline (19 July 2006). In our study, persons of immigrant origin comprised 17% of patients in the responding facilities, which confirmed the results of the pilot study in 2004 of 17.4%. This indicates that the percentage of inpatient psychiatric services used by patients of immigrant origin is almost proportionate to these patients' percentage of the general population (18.6%, Microcensus 2005). In this main study patients of immigrant origin were significantly more likely to receive an ICD-10 F2 diagnosis, and it was precisely patients with this diagnosis who were observed to experience difficulties in communication with caregivers. With reference to the F2 diagnoses there were no noticeable differences between first generation of inpatients with migration history and second generation of inpatients with migration history. There were however more first generation of inpatients with migration history diagnosed with affective disorders whereas more second generation of inpatients with migration history were diagnosed with personality and behavioural disorders. Such differences were not found in the group of patients without immigrant origin. Whilst first generation of inpatients with migration history demonstrated higher educational levels, second generation of inpatients with migration history showed fewer linguistic difficulties.
在一项具有代表性的全国性调查中，德国联邦精神病医院院长会议的精神病学与移民问题工作组调查了具有移民背景的患者在德国使用住院精神科及心理治疗服务的情况。调查问卷被发送至德国各地总共350家综合医院的精神科诊所，截至指定截止日期（2006年7月19日），有131家给予了回复。在我们的研究中，具有移民背景的人员占回复机构中患者的17%，这证实了2004年试点研究中17.4%的结果。这表明具有移民背景的患者使用住院精神科服务的比例几乎与这些患者在总人口中的比例（2005年微观人口普查为18.6%）成正比。在这项主要研究中，具有移民背景的患者更有可能被诊断为ICD - 10 F2，而恰恰是被诊断为此类病症的患者在与护理人员沟通时遇到困难。关于F2诊断，有移民史的第一代住院患者和有移民史的第二代住院患者之间没有明显差异。然而，有更多有移民史的第一代住院患者被诊断患有情感障碍，而有更多有移民史的第二代住院患者被诊断患有个性与行为障碍。在没有移民背景的患者群体中未发现此类差异。虽然有移民史的第一代住院患者显示出较高的教育水平，但有移民史的第二代住院患者语言困难较少。
