Skin treatment and tract closure for tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: University of California, Irvine, technique.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

After percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), a nephrostomy tube has been routinely placed to ensure hemostasis, provide drainage, and maintain access to the collecting system should a second-look procedure be necessary. Recently, efforts have been expended to either reduce the size of the nephrostomy tube or eliminate it altogether. We describe the tubeless technique of closure and skin treatment after PCNL using FloSeal as a sealant for tubeless PCNL.

TECHNIQUE

A 7F 11.5-mm occlusion balloon catheter is passed retrograde over the through-and-through guidewire. Next, under endoscopic guidance, with a rigid or flexible nephroscope, the 30F Amplatz sheath is pulled back to the torn edge of the calix through which the nephrostomy tract enters the kidney. Under endoscopic guidance, the balloon is inflated at the torn edge. Next, the long metal laparoscopic FloSeal applicator is passed through the 30F sheath until it encounters resistance from the occlusion balloon catheter. FloSeal is injected down the sheath as the sheath is slowly withdrawn simultaneously with the FloSeal applicator until both have cleared the nephrostomy incision. The through-and-through guidewire is pulled per the urethra under fluoroscopic control until its tip is in the renal pelvis. A 7F double pigtail stent is passed retrograde over the through-and-through guidewire. A bladder catheter is placed. A running subcuticular suture of 4-0 poliglecaprone is placed, and cyanoacrylate adhesive is used to close the skin. No dressing is applied.

CONCLUSION

For patients who have been rendered completely stone free during uncomplicated PCNL, administration of hemostatic gelatin matrix to the nephrostomy tract may achieve immediate hemostasis and eliminate the need for placement of a nephrostomy tube. Although there have not been any clinical reports of urinary obstruction caused by the application of hemostatic sealants in the PCNL tract, we recommend using an occlusion balloon and subsequent placement of an indwelling ureteral stent to ensure maximum safety.