McShane Connar Jo, Quirk Frances
School of Arts and Social Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
Aust J Rural Health. 2009 Oct;17(5):244-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1584.2009.01085.x.
This study investigated whether work-home (WHI) or home-work interference (HWI) explained or affected the strength of the relationship between farmers' stresses and reported psychological distress.
Distribution of questionnaire package; included Work-Home Conflict Scale, Farm Stress Survey, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Participants recruited via advertising in newsletters and newspapers, and distribution through businesses and meetings.
The majority of farmers (N = 51, male = 45, female = 5) were recruited from the one district. Farmers were individuals who identified their occupation as a farm owner, farm manager, or farm hand.
It was predicted farmers would report higher levels of WHI than HWI; time, a determinant of interference, would mediate the relationship between farmers' stresses and psychological distress; WHI and HWI would moderate farmers' stresses and their psychological distress; overall reported level of psychological distress would be in normal to mild range because of positive general economic conditions.
Farmers reported significantly higher levels of WHI than HWI (M = 3.21, M = 2.76, P < 0.001 respectively). WHI and time-based WHI mediated farmers' stresses and psychological distress, particularly anxiety. WHI, time and strain, determinants of WHI mediated personal finances and subcomponents of psychological distress (stress, anxiety, depression). Time-based HWI mediated personal finances and stress. No moderating effects were found for WHI (r = -0.02, P = 0.882) or HWI (r = 0.15, P = 0.306).
Farmers of this specific sample presented a unique work-home interface. Limitations include the small sample size, recruitment methods, and culturally irrelevant measures as well as only assessing work-related stresses. Future research should aim to develop measures appropriate for farmers of Australia.
本研究调查了工作-家庭干扰（WHI）或家庭-工作干扰（HWI）是否能够解释或影响农民压力与所报告的心理困扰之间关系的强度。
发放问卷包；包括工作-家庭冲突量表、农场压力调查问卷、抑郁焦虑压力量表。通过在时事通讯和报纸上刊登广告以及通过企业和会议发放问卷的方式招募参与者。
大多数农民（N = 51，男性 = 45，女性 = 5）来自同一个地区。农民是指将自己的职业认定为农场主、农场经理或农场工人的个体。
预计农民报告的工作-家庭干扰水平会高于家庭-工作干扰；干扰的一个决定因素——时间，将调节农民压力与心理困扰之间的关系；工作-家庭干扰和家庭-工作干扰将缓和农民的压力及其心理困扰；由于总体经济状况良好，所报告的心理困扰总体水平将处于正常到轻度范围内。
农民报告的工作-家庭干扰水平显著高于家庭-工作干扰（分别为M = 3.21，M = 2.76，P < 0.001）。工作-家庭干扰和基于时间的工作-家庭干扰调节了农民的压力与心理困扰，尤其是焦虑。工作-家庭干扰、时间和压力，作为工作-家庭干扰的决定因素，调节了个人财务状况以及心理困扰的子成分（压力、焦虑、抑郁）。基于时间的家庭-工作干扰调节了个人财务状况和压力。未发现工作-家庭干扰（r = -0.02，P = 0.882）或家庭-工作干扰（r = 0.15，P = 0.306）的调节作用。
这个特定样本中的农民呈现出独特的工作-家庭界面关系。局限性包括样本量小、招募方法、与文化不相关的测量方法以及仅评估与工作相关的压力。未来的研究应旨在开发适合澳大利亚农民的测量方法。
