Antimicrobial prophylaxis in liver transplant patients--a multicenter survey endorsed by the European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association.

Perioperative infections remain an important problem for patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). For prevention of these infections, perioperative prophylaxis has become the standard procedure. Yet, either guidelines or data on current practice are lacking. The aim of the study was to gain insight into prophylactic antimicrobial strategies used in Europe. A survey questionnaire was sent out to all LT centers that are member of the European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association. In the survey questionnaire, we asked for details on the prophylactic antimicrobial regimen used in LT recipients. The response rate was 48%. Antibiotic prophylaxis for elective LT was provided by a first-line betalactam antibiotic or co-trimoxazole in 25%. Seventy-three per cent of those centers surveyed gave an extended spectrum, and one center used a 6-month rotation strategy. Antifungal prophylaxis was administered in 35% of centers in all LT recipients, in 53% of centers in patients at risk, and in 12% of centers not at all. Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis was never administered in 10%. In 12% of the centers surveyed, all the patients received cytomegalovirus prophylaxis, and another 78% of the centers gave it only to risk groups. In Europe, there is a considerable variation in the different antibiotic, antifungal and cytomegalovirus prophylactic strategies used for LT. These findings underscore the need for randomized controlled trials to determine the optimal prophylactic antimicrobial regimen.