Unit of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Early Hum Dev. 2009 Oct;85(10 Suppl):S1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.08.002. Epub 2009 Sep 29.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that develops as a consequence of perinatal/neonatal lung injury, and it is one of the most important sequelae of premature birth. In this article we discuss recent changes in the definition of BPD, the main differences between the old and the new form and we summarize recent data on long-term respiratory outcome. The diagnosis of BPD is currently based on the need for supplemental oxygen for at least 28 days after birth, and its severity is graded according to the respiratory support required at 36 postmenstrual weeks. The "new BPD" is mainly a developmental disorder in which the immature lung fails to reach its full structural complexity. Longitudinal studies on children with BPD identified, at all ages, a greater need to use inhaled asthma medication and a significant airflow obstruction. Whether survivors of BPD and prematurity have a risk of developing a COPD-like phenotype with aging is a question that only lung function studies extended to middle-age and beyond will answer.
支气管肺发育不良（BPD）是一种慢性呼吸系统疾病，是围产期/新生儿肺损伤的后果，也是早产儿最重要的后遗症之一。本文讨论了 BPD 定义的最新变化、新旧形式的主要区别，并总结了关于长期呼吸结局的最新数据。BPD 的诊断目前基于出生后至少 28 天需要补充氧气的需求，并根据 36 孕周时所需的呼吸支持来分级。“新 BPD”主要是一种发育障碍，不成熟的肺部未能达到其充分的结构复杂性。对 BPD 患儿的纵向研究发现，在所有年龄段，都需要更多地使用吸入性哮喘药物，并存在明显的气流阻塞。BPD 和早产儿幸存者随着年龄的增长是否有发展为类似 COPD 表型的风险，这是一个只有通过将肺功能研究延长到中年及以后才能回答的问题。
