Zhang Hong-Feng, Ouyang Zhi-Yun, Zheng Hua, Xu Wei-Hua
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2009 Jun;20(6):1408-14.
Based on the 1976, 1989, 2000 and 2005 remote sensing images and related meteorological data, the landscape pattern change and its ecological effect in Manas River Basin of Xinjiang in 1976-2005 were analyzed with GIS and FRAGSTATES. In the study period, the landscape pattern change in the Basin mainly manifested in the increase of farmland, grassland, and residential area while the decrease of forestland, wetland, desert, and snow and ice coverage. At landscape level, the patch number, landscape shape index, and contagion index increased, while Shannon's diversity index decreased; at class level, there was a greater difference in the heterogeneity index among different kinds of landscape, indicating a complexity of the landscape ecosystem. The landscape pattern change caused the negative ecological effect of wetland area shrinking, but some positive effects such as the decrease of evaporation and the increase of relative humidity. From 1976 to 2005, the wetland area decreased from 415.7 km2 to 297.4 km2, with a decrement of 28%, evaporation decreased by 0.91 mm x a(-1), and relative humidity increased by 0.037% x a(-1).
基于1976年、1989年、2000年和2005年的遥感影像及相关气象数据，利用GIS和FRAGSTATES分析了1976 - 2005年新疆玛纳斯河流域景观格局变化及其生态效应。研究期间，流域景观格局变化主要表现为农田、草地和居民区面积增加，林地、湿地、荒漠及冰雪覆盖面积减少。在景观水平上，斑块数、景观形状指数和蔓延度指数增加，而香农多样性指数降低；在类型水平上，不同景观类型间的异质性指数差异较大，表明景观生态系统具有复杂性。景观格局变化导致了湿地面积萎缩的负面生态效应，但也产生了一些积极效应，如蒸发量减少和相对湿度增加。1976 - 2005年，湿地面积从415.7平方千米减少到297.4平方千米，减少了28%，蒸发量每年减少0.91毫米，相对湿度每年增加0.037%。
