Wu Tao, Zhao Dong-zhi, Zhang Feng-shou, Wei Bao-quan
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2011 Jul;22(7):1833-40.
Based on the comprehensive consideration of the high resolution characteristics of remote sensing data and the current situation of land cover and land use in Dayang River Estuary wetland, a classification system with different resolutions of wetland landscape in the Estuary was established. The landscape pattern indices and landscape transition matrix were calculated by using the high resolution remote sensing data, and the dynamic changes of the landscape pattern from 1984 to 2008 were analyzed. In the study period, the wetland landscape components changed drastically. Wetland landscape transferred from natural wetland into artificial wetland, and wetland core regional area decreased. Natural wetland's largest patch area index descended, and the fragmentation degree ascended; while artificial wetland area expanded, its patch number decreased, polymerization degree increased, and the maximum patch area index had an obvious increasing trend. Increasing human activities, embankment construction, and reclamation for aquaculture were the main causes for the decrease of wetland area and the degradation of the ecological functions of Dayang River Estuary. To constitute long-term scientific and reasonable development plan, establish wetland nature reserves, protect riverway, draft strict inspective regimes for aquaculture reclamation, and energetically develop resource-based tourism industry would be the main strategies for the protection of the estuarine wetland.
基于对大洋河口湿地遥感数据高分辨率特征以及土地覆盖与土地利用现状的综合考虑，建立了河口湿地景观不同分辨率的分类系统。利用高分辨率遥感数据计算景观格局指数和景观转移矩阵，分析了1984年至2008年景观格局的动态变化。研究期间，湿地景观组分变化剧烈。湿地景观从自然湿地向人工湿地转移，湿地核心区域面积减少。自然湿地的最大斑块面积指数下降，破碎化程度上升；而人工湿地面积扩大，斑块数量减少，聚合度增加，最大斑块面积指数呈明显增加趋势。人类活动增加、堤坝建设以及围垦养殖是大洋河口湿地面积减少和生态功能退化的主要原因。制定长期科学合理的发展规划、建立湿地自然保护区、保护河道、制定严格的养殖围垦监管制度以及大力发展资源型旅游业将是河口湿地保护的主要策略。
